2. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (Cold Fusion) Jean-Paul Biberian Maître de Conférence, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, CNRS / CRMC-N / Université dAix-Marseille II Tél: + 33 660 14 04 85 Email: jpbiberian@yahoo.fr

3. Budapest November 15, 20062 Overview A brief history of Cold Fusion The original Pons & Fleischmann experiment Excess Heat Helium detection Particles Transmutation Theory Conferences Laboratories Conclusion

4. Brief history of Cold Fusion Discovered by Professors Stan Pons and Martin Fleischman in 1989. Announced at a press conference on March 23, 1989. Immediately after the scientific community split in two: a large majority disbelieved the reality of Cold Fusion, and a small minority either believed in the results, or managed to duplicate the results.

5. The original Pons & Fleishmann experiment

6. CRMC-N 29 janvier 20045 Experimental set up LiOD Silver coating Thermistor cathode anode Constant temperature bath

7. CRMC-N 29 janvier 20046 Experimental set up

8. CRMC-N 29 janvier 20047 Reactions D + D T + p4.0 MeV 50% D + D He-3 + n3.3 MeV 50% D + D He-4 + gamma24 MeV 10 -7

9. CRMC-N 29 janvier 20048 Miracles 1- The Coulomb barrier 2- No neutrons (where is the dead graduate student?) 3- No gamma rays

10. Excess Heat measurements

11. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200410 Double cathode : Arata

12. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200411 Experimental set up : Arata

13. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200412 Excess Heat D 2 O vs H 2 O : Arata

14. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200413 Co-deposition Pd/D : Miles et al.

15. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200414 Co-deposition Pd/D : Biberian Dewar Palladium Platinum Thermistor in Thermistor out 100 ml/min distilled water at constant temperature Pump

16. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200415 Experiments with D 2 O- P out vs time

17. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200416 Experiments with H 2 O- P out vs time

18. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200417 Comparison D 2 O/H 2 O

19. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200418 Energy produced Total energy produced, without correction for heat conduction losses: 0.33 MJ Assuming 100 kJ/mole : 3.3 moles Palladium electrode :1g, i.e. : 0.01 mole If D+D He-4 :2.10 17 atoms He-4 produced in 21 days, 4.4 10 7 seconds, 4.5 10 9 He-4/sec.

20. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200419 Gold layer on palladium : Biberian days Gold plated Pd XSH (W)

21. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200420 Laser stimulation : Letts-Cravens Laser on Laser Polar. change

22. Particles detection Helium Tritium Neutrons Protons X-rays

23. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200422 Arata : Helium-4

24. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200423 Claytor : Tritium

25. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200424 Experimental set up : Jones

26. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200425 Jones : Neutrons

27. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200426 Experimental set up : Violante

28. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200427 X rays : Violante

29. Transmutation

30. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200429 Transmutations : Iwamura

31. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200430 Experimental set up : Iwamura

32. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200431 Cs Pr : Iwamura

33. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200432 Sr Mo : Iwamura

34. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200433 Anomalous Mo : Iwamura

35. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200434 Transmutation reactions : Iwamura Sr + 4 D Mo Cs + 4 D Pr 88 38 2121 96 42 133 55 2121 141 59

36. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200435 Anomalous Copper : Violante

37. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200436 Theories Phonon interaction. Plasmon interaction Bose Einstein type condensation. Electron screening. Hydrinos, Hydrex. Neutrinos.

38. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200437 Conditions for CMNS High loading of deuterium in metals: palladium, titanium…. Metals must have an appropriate metallurgical structure: grain size, thin film… Dynamic state through pressure change, current variations, laser stimulation…

39. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200438 Conferences ICCFs: ICCF10, in Boston in August 2003, ICCF11 in Marseilles, October 31- November 5, 2004. Italy regular meetings in Asti. Next one in March 2004. Russia: a meeting every year. Japan : A « Cold Fusion » Society has been created.

40. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200439 Journals and Web sites www.Lenr-canr.org : with 250 000 downloads in a yearwww.Lenr-canr.org www.cmns.org : New electronic journal with refereeswww.cmns.org

41. CRMC-N 29 janvier 200440 Laboratories working in the field of CMNS USA: MIT, SRI International, University of Illinois, Naval Research Laboratory,Portland State University, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Space and Naval Warfare Center San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Northwestern University Russia: 29 laboratories Japan: Tokyo University,Osaka University, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,Yokohama National University, Hokkaido University, Kobe University, Iwate State University, Sapporo University, Hanazono University, Nippon Bunri University China: Tsinghua University, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Sichuan University, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences France: Marseilles University, CNAM (Paris), EDF. Italy: ENEA, INFN, Pirelli labs, University of Catania, University of Rome, University of Lecce.

42. Conclusion Condensed Matter Nuclear Science is a genuine scientific field. Hydrogen isotopes are involved, mostly at high loading. Excess heat has been measured by numerous laboratories with very different techniques therefore this excludes artefacts. Nuclear ashes have been detected: helium, neutron, gammas, X- rays, transmutation. The mechanism is not the high energy two particles reaction. Theories exist that are compatible with present quantum mechanics. Lot more work need to be done to understand the science and develop technologies.