1. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 1 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 5.1 5.1 Types of Negotiable Instruments 5.2 5.2 Presenting Checks for Payment 5.3 5.3 Processing Checks 5.4 5.4 Changing Forms of Payment 5

2. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 2 Lesson 5.1 TYPES OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS Define the term negotiable instrument Identify different types of negotiable instruments GOALS

3. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 3 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS What is negotiable? Negotiable means transferable. The negotiation that goes on refers to the transfer of the instrument between two people, or from one bank to another, or even from one country to another. What is an instrument? In the broadest sense, almost any agreed-upon medium of exchange could be considered a negotiable instrument. In day-to-day banking, a negotiable instrument usually refers to checks, drafts, bills of exchange, and some types of promissory notes.

4. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 4 FORMS OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS A negotiable instrument is a written order promising to pay a sum of money. It may be a bearer instrument, which is payable to the bearer, or it may be an instrument with highly specified terms.

5. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 5 CHECKSCHECKS Most common form of negotiable instrument Preferred method of payment for many debts Offer convenience, safety, and a record of transactions

6. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 6 STANDARD FEATURES OF PERSONAL CHECKS For simulation use only Maria Mills 12 River Street Pettisville, OH 43553-0177 Pettisville Bank Pettisville, Ohio 801 56-25 412 1037943000801041200257 $ Pay to the order of Dollars Date For Account Number Check Number Date Amount Amount Signature Memo Identification Numbers Payee

7. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 7 DRAFTSDRAFTS A draft is a three-party instrument similar to a check. A draft is an order signed by one party (the drawer, or drafter ) that is addressed to another party (the drawee ) directing the drawee to pay to someone (the payee ) the amount indicated on the draft. The payment may be at sight or at some defined time. Most drafts are used for the purchase of goods and services when the transaction goes beyond the bounds of U.S. banking law.

8. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 8 BILLS OF EXCHANGE A bill of exchange is a negotiable and unconditional written order, such as a check, draft, or trade agreement, addressed by one party to another. The receiver of the bill must pay the specified sum or deliver specified goods on demand or at a specified time. Bills of exchange are a common form of internationally negotiable instruments.

9. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 9 PROMISSORY NOTES A promissory note is a written promise to pay at a fixed or determinable future time a sum of money to a specified individual. These two-party instruments are legally binding documents with many specified terms that vary widely. Commercial paper, a short-term (270 days or fewer) note or draft issued by a corporation or government, is a common investment instrument.

10. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 10 Lesson 5.2 PRESENTING CHECKS FOR PAYMENT Identify bank requirements for honoring checks List common forms of check endorsements GOALS

11. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 11 ELEMENTS OF NEGOTIABILITY Written Signature Unconditional promise or order Sum certain Payable on demand or at a defined time Words of negotiation

12. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 12 TYPES OF ENDORSEMENT Blank endorsement Restrictive endorsement Full endorsement Qualified endorsement

13. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 13 IDENTIFICATION AND CHECK ACCEPTANCE Banks may require as much or as little identification to cash or deposit a check at they wish. Banks may have different rules for customers and noncustomers.

14. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 14 Lesson 5.3 PROCESSING CHECKS Identify three key laws that make today’s check-clearing process possible Explain the sequence of events as a check is processed for payment GOALS

15. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 15 THE CHECK PAYMENT SYSTEM Federal Reserve Act of 1913 relationship between Fed and Banks created a national check collection system and other rules for payment Uniform Commercial Code of 1958 established a consistent code for commercial law transactions articles 3, 4, 5, and 9 pertain to banking and negotiable instruments Expedited Funds Availability Act of 1987 passed to combat an abuse of the check payment system practiced by a few banks. “FLOAT” – a period of time where both banks count the same funds.

16. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 16 CHECK PAYMENT AND PROCESSING DrawerPayee A National BankB National Bank Federal Reserve (or other intermediary)

17. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 17 Lesson 5.4 CHANGING FORMS OF PAYMENT List modern forms of payment systems Explain how banks and other financial institutions use automated forms of payment GOALS

18. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 18 CONSUMER PAYMENTS Charge cards Credit cards Cash cards Debit cards Smart cards

19. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 19 CHARGE CARDS With a charge card, a consumer makes purchases but must pay the account in full at the end of the month. Charge cards, in effect, lend the amount of purchases for a month. Originally charge cards were store cards, but eventually third-party companies formed networks of participating businesses to expand the market. American Express is the most prominent national charge card.

20. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 20 CREDIT CARDS Credit cards allow consumers to pay all or part of their bills each month and finance the unpaid balance. Using a credit card involves two banks—the bank that issued the card and the retailer’s bank.

21. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 21 CASH CARDS Cash cards are commonly used at an automated teller machine (ATM). Consumers can get cash, make transfers and deposits, or perform other banking functions by inserting the card and entering a personal identification number (PIN).

22. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 22 DEBIT CARDS Debit cards transfer money from a person’s designated account to the account of the retailer. A debit card allows an immediate point-of-sale (POS) transaction.

23. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 23 SMART CARDS Smart cards are credit, debit, or other types of cards with embedded microchips. The microchips store values and use the embedded logic to change values and record transactions.

24. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 24 FUTURE PAYMENT SYSTEMS E-checks Electronic tokens

25. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 25 BANK PAYMENTS Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Direct deposit Automatic payments Automated clearing houses (ACHs) Online transfers Fedwire Clearing House Interbank Payment System (CHIPS)

26. Copyright South-Western, a division of Thomson, Inc. Slide 26 THE LEADING EDGE Digital imaging Electronic check presentment (ECP)