1. ▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank. 1 5 9 TOEFL Reading number of, for instance, in the fields, resulted from 14. From 1983 to 1988, more than 200 well-known scholars of history, philosophy, political science and physics left British universities. 1983 년부터 1988 년까지, 200 명이 넘는 역사, 철학, 사회 과학 및 물리학의 저명한 학자들이 영국을 떠났다. 15. Their departure budget cuts that froze professors’ salaries and left many vacancies unfilled. 영국에서 예산 삭감으로 인해 교수들의 임금 동결되고 많은 공석들이 다시 채워지지 않아 교수들의 이직이 발생되었다. 16. With the communism in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a large top Russian scientists have been heading to the U.S. 1980 년대 후반과 1990 년대 초반의 소련에서의 공산주의로 인해, 다수의 러시아 과학자들이 미국으로 상시 또는 임시 취업 비자로 미국으로 향했다. 17., 62 percent of the students receiving engineering doctorates in the U.S. were foreign born in 1990. 예를 들어, 미국에서 기계 공학 학위를 받는 62 퍼센트의 학생들이 1990 년에 외국에서 태어난 학생들이었다. * 총 25 문항, 각 문제당 4 점씩 배점 1. well-known2. scholar 3. philosophy4. political science 5. physics6. departure 7. budget8. freeze 9. salary10. vacancy 11. abolishment12. tenure 13. suspension

2. ▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. Foreign Brain Drain Is US Brain Gain From 1983 to 1988, more than 200 well-known scholars in the fields of history, philosophy, political science and physics left British universities to take positions in some of the top universities in the U.S. Their departure resulted from budget cuts that froze professors’ salaries and left many vacancies unfilled, the abolishment of tenure and the suspension of promotions and reductions in funds for libraries and assistants, while U.S. salaries were often more than three times higher than in Britain with large research funds, assistants, and sophisticated laboratories. Today, a British scholar who has not received at least one attractive offer from an American university may even start questioning his or her reputation outside Britain. With the communism in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a large number of top Russian scientists have been heading to the U.S. either permanently or on temporary work visas. This exodus of Russians is quickly becoming the largest brain drain to and brain gain of the U.S. since the end of World War II. Many top Russian scientists are working in U.S. computer, biological and chemical laboratories and the number of scientist flowing into these fields keeps growing. Their productivity in America is ten times more than in Russia and their salary is also 100 times more than in Russia. Foreign students getting advanced degrees in the U.S. and then choosing to stay instead of going back to their home countries is another form of brain drain. For instance, 62 percent of the students receiving engineering doctorates in the U.S. were foreign born in 1990. More than 70 percent of the foreign-born students getting Ph.D.s in the U.S. remain after getting their degrees, greatly benefiting the U.S. and harming the nations of origin. 1 5 9 TOEFL Reading 18. What is a primary reason why many Russian scientists came to America to work? ① Budget cuts froze salaries throughout their home country. ② The growth of Communism in their home country presented better opportunities in America. ③ There are a lack of available jobs within their home country. ④ America has better equipment for them to conduct studies. 19. According to the article, ___ ① British scholars can make up to three times as much money in America. ② Russian scientists can make up to three times as much money in America. ③ British scholars can make up to one-hundred times as much money in America. ④ British scholars can make up to seven times as much money in America.

3. ☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the correct words for the blank. 25. My father’s dream was to be (a John. F. Kennedy / John. F. Kennedy). 1 5 9 TOEFL Reading 20. In the article, find the word which most closely means 'advanced‘. ① Attractive ② Suspension ③ Sophisticated ④ Abolished 21. According to the article, what is the main result of many foreign professionals deciding to stay in America. ① All of the high paying jobs are now being taken by foreign workers, forcing American citizens into lower paying jobs. ② There is a large accumulation of brain power in the United States now, which is of great benefit to America, but detrimental to origin nations. ③ Foreign countries must now raise the level of pay for professionals with great intelligence. ④ The fall of communism is necessary to balance out the world's brain power. 22. The majority of foreign born graduates receiving their PhD's in the United States are returning to work in their home countries. _____ 23. Russian scientists are able to make substantially more money working in the United States than by staying in Russia. _____ 24. Budget cuts was one of the primary reasons why many foreign professors decided to leave to America. _____

4. ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. 1 5 9 TOEFL Reading * 총 25 문항, 각 문제당 4 점씩 배점 1. well-known [ 잘 알려진, 유명한 ]2. scholar [ 학자 ] 3. philosophy [ 철학 ]4. political science [ 정치학 ] 5. physics [ 물리학 ]6. departure [ 출발 ] 7. budget [ 예산 ]8. freeze [ 얼다, 얼리다 ] 9. salary [ 급여, 봉급, 월급 ]10. vacancy [ 공석 ] 11. abolishment [ 폐지 ]12. tenure [ 종신 재직권 ] 13. suspension [ 정직, 정학, 유예, 연기 ] ▶ Phrase Check ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank. number of, for instance, in the fields, resulted from 14. From 1983 to 1988, more than 200 well-known scholars in the fields of history, philosophy, political science and physics left British universities. 1983 년부터 1988 년까지, 200 명이 넘는 역사, 철학, 사회 과학 및 물리학의 저명한 학자들이 영국을 떠났다. 15. Their departure resulted from budget cuts that froze professors’ salaries and left many vacancies unfilled. 영국에서 예산 삭감으로 인해 교수들의 임금 동결되고 많은 공석들이 다시 채워지지 않아 교수들의 이직이 발생되었다. 16. With the communism in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a large number of top Russian scientists have been heading to the U.S. 1980 년대 후반과 1990 년대 초반의 소련에서의 공산주의로 인해, 다수의 러시아 과학자들이 미국으로 상시 또는 임시 취업 비자로 미국으로 향했다. 17. For instance, 62 percent of the students receiving engineering doctorates in the U.S. were foreign born in 1990. 예를 들어, 미국에서 기계 공학 학위를 받는 62 퍼센트의 학생들이 1990 년에 외국에서 태어난 학생들이었다.

5. ▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. Foreign Brain Drain Is US Brain Gain From 1983 to 1988, more than 200 well-known scholars in the fields of history, philosophy, political science and physics left British universities to take positions in some of the top universities in the U.S. Their departure resulted from budget cuts that froze professors’ salaries and left many vacancies unfilled, the abolishment of tenure and the suspension of promotions and reductions in funds for libraries and assistants, while U.S. salaries were often more than three times higher than in Britain with large research funds, assistants, and sophisticated laboratories. Today, a British scholar who has not received at least one attractive offer from an American university may even start questioning his or her reputation outside Britain. With the communism in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a large number of top Russian scientists have been heading to the U.S. either permanently or on temporary work visas. This exodus of Russians is quickly becoming the largest brain drain to and brain gain of the U.S. since the end of World War II. Many top Russian scientists are working in U.S. computer, biological and chemical laboratories and the number of scientist flowing into these fields keeps growing. Their productivity in America is ten times more than in Russia and their salary is also 100 times more than in Russia. Foreign students getting advanced degrees in the U.S. and then choosing to stay instead of going back to their home countries is another form of brain drain. For instance, 62 percent of the students receiving engineering doctorates in the U.S. were foreign born in 1990. More than 70 percent of the foreign-born students getting Ph.D.s in the U.S. remain after getting their degrees, greatly benefiting the U.S. and harming the nations of origin. 1 5 9 TOEFL Reading 18. What is a primary reason why many Russian scientists came to America to work? [2] ① Budget cuts froze salaries throughout their home country. ② The growth of Communism in their home country presented better opportunities in America. ③ There are a lack of available jobs within their home country. ④ America has better equipment for them to conduct studies. 19. According to the article, ___ [1] ① British scholars can make up to three times as much money in America. ② Russian scientists can make up to three times as much money in America. ③ British scholars can make up to one-hundred times as much money in America. ④ British scholars can make up to seven times as much money in America.

6. ☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the correct words for the blank. 25. My father’s dream was to be (a John. F. Kennedy / John. F. Kennedy). 1 5 9 TOEFL Reading 20. In the article, find the word which most closely means 'advanced'… [3] ① Attractive ② Suspension ③ Sophisticated ④ Abolished 21. According to the article, what is the main result of many foreign professionals deciding to stay in America. [2] ① All of the high paying jobs are now being taken by foreign workers, forcing American citizens into lower paying jobs. ② There is a large accumulation of brain power in the United States now, which is of great benefit to America, but detrimental to origin nations. ③ Foreign countries must now raise the level of pay for professionals with great intelligence. ④ The fall of communism is necessary to balance out the world's brain power. 22. The majority of foreign born graduates receiving their PhD's in the United States are returning to work in their home countries. [F] 23. Russian scientists are able to make substantially more money working in the United States than by staying in Russia. [T] 24. Budget cuts was one of the primary reasons why many foreign professors decided to leave to America. [T]