1. Generalized and situated knowledge in collaborative problem-solving Frederick van Amstel – PhD Researcher Construction Management & Engineering Department 13-9-20151

2. 2 My background  Bachelor in Media Studies (Journalism)  Master in Science, Technology and Society (STS)  Co-founder of Faber-Ludens Interaction Design Institute (NGO)

3. 3 My PhD Research topic: games to support participatory design of healthcare facilities  Many stakeholders  Game simulation could possible help non-building- experts (patients, nurses, doctors) to participate in design

4. 4 What is Participatory Design?  Stakeholders that are usually left out from decision-making process are able to participate in a productive way: they become design partners  PD provides structure for meetings MST new building project (together with Julia Garde)

5. 5 First research questions

6. 6 Literature review Made using http://compendium.open.ac.uk/

7. Generalized and situated knowledge 13-9-2015MST new building project (together with Julia Garde) 7 Design knowledge representation Nursery knowledge representation

8. Generalized and situated knowledge 13-9-2015MST new building project (together with Julia Garde) 8 Design knowledge representation Nursery knowledge representation Research Appropriation

9. (cannibalism metaphor) 13-9-2015Metaphors we live by, Philosophy in the Flesh George Lakoff and Mark Johnson 9 Appropriation

10. 10 Participatory Action Research  Promote knowledge sharing encounteers  Participants actively engaged  Transforms both researcher and participants Paulo Freire (1921-1997)

11. How collaborative problem-solving tools employ and generate knowledge? 13-9-2015Popular meme on the Internet 11

12. Experiment with Engineering students 13-9-2015Voettekst: aanpassen via Beeld (Office 2003 of eerder) of Invoegen (Office 2007 of later), vervolgens 'Koptekst en voettekst' 12

13. Introduction  Compare two problem-solving methods for design: TRIZ and PSP  They were chosen because  PSP was developed at Faber-Ludens  TRIZ shares some foundations but differs on knowledge transformation  Experiment held during hands-on session in Methods and Strategies for Facility Design course from prof. Timo Hartmann  Should be also a learning experience for students 13-9-2015 13

14. 14 Issue: improve Digimap  In a previous hands-on session students have used Digimap to plan parking lots usage during Enschede city center construction projects  Half of them have worked only with Excel spreadsheets instead, with the same task  Experiment task: use the method provided to improve Digimap

15. Experimental setup  41 students  Divided into groups of 4 – 6 persons each  26 worked with PSP  15 worked with TRIZ  1 hour duration  After the experiment they filled out a survey 13-9-2015 15

16. 1st turn PSP Method 13-9-2015 16 Problem Pair 1 Pair 2 Problem 2nd turn Problem Solution 3rd turn Problem Solution Problem Bad problem Good solution

17. 13-9-2015 17 Photos from the experiment

18. TRIZ Method 13-9-2015Savransky, 2001 18

19. TRIZ Matrix 13-9-2015Rantanen and Domb, 2007 19

20. TRIZ Principles 13-9-2015Rantanen and Domb, 2007 20  34. Discarding and recovering. Make portions of an object that have fulfilled their functions go away (discard by dissolving, evaporating, etc.) or modify these directly during operation. Conversely, restore consumable parts of an object directly in operation.

21. 13-9-2015 21 Photos from the experiment

22. Partial survey results  Not reliable right now  Future work: triangulate with content analysis  Made quickly with Limesurvey and SOFA 13-9-2015Made with http://www.limesurvey.org and http://www.sofastatistics.com/http://www.limesurvey.org http://www.sofastatistics.com/ 22

23. PSP groups adapted the method more often  Did you followed the instructions? 13-9-2015Made with http://www.sofastatistics.com/ 23 We did something different

24. PSP didn’t stimulated consensus  How often did you agree with your colleagues? 13-9-2015Made with http://www.sofastatistics.com/ 24 TRIZPSP

25. More engagement in decision-making in TRIZ 13-9-2015Made with http://www.sofastatistics.com/ 25 Not engaged Slightly engade Engaged Very engaged

26. Both encouraged discussion  When you disagreed with your colleagues, what you did then? 13-9-2015Made with http://www.sofastatistics.com/ 26 Never SometimesOften Very often

27. But discussions were rated more useful in PSP 13-9-2015Made with http://www.sofastatistics.com/ 27 Not useful Slightly useful Useful Very useful

28. Future work 13-9-2015Rantanen and Domb, 2007 28  Do other experiments, more related to the Healthcare context  Still for this one:  Analyze problem/solution content  Which kind of qualitative/quantitative comparisons can be done with that?  How to evaluate creativity of the generated solutions?

29. Thank you!  f.vanamstel@utwente.nl f.vanamstel@utwente.nl  http://fredvanamstel.com http://fredvanamstel.com  twitter @fredvanamstel 29