1. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-1 111 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. FNS 1.0—14-2 Module 14 PIX VPN

3. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-3 Learning Objectives Upon completion of this module, you will be able to perform the following tasks: Identify how the PIX Firewall enables a secure VPN. Identify the tasks to configure PIX Firewall IPSec support. Identify the commands to configure PIX Firewall IPSec support. Configure a VPN between PIX Firewalls. Describe the Cisco VPN Client.

4. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-4 Overview This module will cover the creation and configuration of secure VPNs. VPNs are a very useful tool in securing traffic between two remote networks. Both site-to-site and remote access VPNs will be covered.

5. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-5 Key Terms IPSec IKE DES, 3DES, AES SHA-1, MD5 RSA Digital Certificates Pre-shared keys Diffie-Hellman

6. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-6 The PIX Firewall Enables a Secure VPN

7. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-7 PIX Firewall VPN Topologies

8. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-8 IPSec Enables PIX Firewall VPN Features Data confidentiality Data integrity Data authentication Anti-replay

9. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-9 What Is IPSec? IETF standard that enables encrypted communication between peers Consists of open standards for securing private communications. Network layer encryption ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Scales from small to very large networks. Included in PIX Firewall version 5.0 and later.

10. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-10 IPSec Standards Supported by the PIX Firewall IPSec (IP Security protocol) –Authentication Header (AH) –Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Data Encryption Standard (DES) Triple DES (3DES) Diffie-Hellman (DH) Message Digest 5 (MD5) Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Ravist, Shamir, Adelman signatures (RSA) Certificate Authorities (CA)

11. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-11 IPSec Configuration Tasks

12. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-12 Task 1—Prepare to Configure VPN Support

13. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-13 IPSec Configuration Tasks Overview Task 1—Prepare to configure VPN support. Task 2—Configure IKE parameters. Task 3—Configure IPSec parameters. Task 4—Test and verify VPN configuration.

14. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-14 Task 1—Prepare to Configure VPN Support Step 1—Determine the IKE (IKE phase one) policy. Step 2—Determine the IPSec (IKE phase two) policy. Step 3—Ensure that the network works without encryption. Step 4—Implicitly permit IPSec packets to bypass PIX Firewall access lists, access groups, and conduits.

15. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-15 Plan for IKE

16. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-16 IKE Phase One Policy Parameters

17. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-17 Determine IKE Phase One Policy IKE SA lifetime Authentication method Encryption algorithm Hash algorithm Site 1 86,400 seconds DES SHA Site 2 DES SHA Pre-share Parameter 768-bit D-HKey exchange Pre-share 768-bit D-H 86,400 seconds

18. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-18 Plan for IPSec

19. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-19 Determine IPSec (IKE Phase Two) Policy

20. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-20 Ensure the Network Works pixfirewall# ping 172.30.2.2

21. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-21 Ensure ACLs do not Block IPSec Traffic

22. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-22 Task 2—Configure IKE Parameters

23. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-23 Step 1—Enable or Disable IKE Enables or disables IKE on the PIX Firewall interfaces. IKE is enabled by default. Disable IKE on interfaces not used for IPSec. isakmp enable interface-name pixfirewall (config)# pixfirewall(config)# isakmp enable outside

24. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-24 Step 2—Configure an IKE Phase One Policy Creates a policy suite grouped by priority number. Creates policy suites that match peers. Can use default values. pixfirewall(config)# isakmp policy 10 encryption des pixfirewall(config)# isakmp policy 10 hash sha pixfirewall(config)# isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share pixfirewall(config)# isakmp policy 10 group 1 pixfirewall(config)# isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400

25. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-25 isakmp key keystring address peer-address [netmask] pixfirewall(config)# Step 3—Configure the IKE Pre-shared Key Pre-shared keystring must be identical at both peers. Use any combination of alphanumeric characters up to 128 bytes for keystring. Specify peer-address as a host or wildcard address. Easy to configure, yet is not scalable. pixfirewall(config)# isakmp key cisco123 address 192.168.6.2

26. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-26 pixfirewall# show isakmp policy Protection suite of priority 10 encryption algorithm: DES - Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys). hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard authentication method: Pre-Shared Key Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit) lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit Default protection suite encryption algorithm: DES - Data Encryption Standard (56 bit keys). hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard authentication method: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit) lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit Step 4—Verify IKE Phase One Policies Displays configured and default IKE protection suites.

27. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-27 Task 3—Configure IPSec Parameters

28. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-28 access-list acl_ID {deny | permit} protocol source_addr source_mask destination_addr destination_mask pixfirewall(config)# Step 1—Configure Interesting Traffic permit = encrypt deny = do not encrypt access-list selects IP traffic by address, network, or subnet pixfirewall# access-list 101 permit ip host 192.168.1.10 host 192.168.6.10

29. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-29 pix1(config)# show static static (inside,outside) 192.168.1.10 10.0.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 pix1(config)# show access-list access-list 110 permit ip host 192.168.1.10 host 192.168.6.10 PIX1 pix6(config)# show static static (inside,outside) 192.168.6.10 10.0.6.11 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 pix2(config)# show access-list access-list 101 permit ip host 192.168.6.10 host 192.168.1.10 PIX6 Example Crypto ACLs Lists should always be symmetrical.

30. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-30 crypto ipsec transform-set transform-set-name transform1 [transform2 [transform3]] pixfirewall(config)# Step 2—Configure an IPSec Transform Set Sets are limited to up to one AH and up to two ESP transforms. Default mode is tunnel. Configure matching sets between IPSec peers. pix1(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set pix6 esp-des

31. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-31 Available IPSec Transforms ah-md5-hmac AH-HMAC-MD5 transform ah-sha-hmac AH-HMAC-SHA transform esp-des ESP transform using DES cipher (56 bits) esp-3des ESP transform using 3DES cipher(168 bits) esp-md5-hmac ESP transform using HMAC-MD5 auth esp-sha-hmac ESP transform using HMAC-SHA auth

32. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-32 Step 3—Configure the Crypto Map Specifies IPSec (IKE phase two) parameters. Map names and sequence numbers group entries into a policy. pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP 10 ipsec-isakmp pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP 10 match address 101 pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP 10 set peer 192.168.6.2 pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP 10 set transform-set pix6 pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP 10 set pfs group1 pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP 10 set security- association lifetime seconds 28800

33. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-33 crypto map map-name interface interface-name pixfirewall(config)# Step 4—Apply the Crypto Map to an Interface Applies the crypto map to an interface. Activates IPSec policy. pixfirewall(config)# crypto map MYMAP interface outside

34. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-34 pix1(config)# show crypto map Crypto Map "peer2" 10 ipsec-isakmp Peer = 192.168.2.2 access-list 101 permit ip host 192.168.1.11 host 192.168.2.11 (hitcnt=0) Current peer: 192.168.2.2 Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/28800 seconds PFS (Y/N): N Transform sets={ pix2, } Example Crypto Map for PIX1

35. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-35 pix2(config)# show crypto map Crypto Map "peer1" 10 ipsec-isakmp Peer = 192.168.1.2 access-list 101 permit ip host 192.168.2.11 host 192.168.1.11 (hitcnt=0) Current peer: 192.168.1.2 Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/28800 seconds PFS (Y/N): N Transform sets={ pix1, } Example Crypto Map for PIX2

36. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-36 Task 4—Test and Verify VPN Configuration

37. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-37 Task 4—Test and Verify VPN Configuration Verify ACLs and interesting traffic. show access-list Verify correct IKE configuration. show isakmp show isakmp policy Verify correct IPSec configuration. show crypto ipsec transform-set

38. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-38 Task 4—Test and Verify VPN Configuration (cont.) Verify the correct crypto map configuration. show crypto map Clear the IPSec SA. clear crypto ipsec sa Clear the IKE SA. clear crypto isakmp sa Debug IKE and IPSec traffic through the PIX Firewall. debug crypto ipsec debug crypto isakmp

39. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-39 The Cisco VPN Client

40. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-40 Topology Overview

41. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-41 Cisco VPN Client Features Support for Windows ME, Windows 2000, and Windows XP Data compression Split tunneling User authentication by way of VPN central-site device Automatic VPN Client configuration Internal MTU adjustment CLI to the VPN Dialer Start Before Logon Software update notifications from the VPN device upon connection

42. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-42 PIX Firewall to VPN Client Pre-Shared Example pixfirewall# write terminal access-list 80 permit ip 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.20.0 255.255.255.0 ip address outside 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 ip address inside 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 ip local pool MYPOOL 10.0.20.1-10.0.20.254 nat (inside) 0 access-list 80 route outside 0 0 192.168.0.1 aaa-server MYTACACS protocol tacacs+ aaa-server MYTACACS (inside) host 10.0.0.10 tacacskey timeout 5 aaa authentication include any inbound 0 0 0 0 MYTACACS sysopt connection permit-ipsec crypto ipsec transform-set AAADES esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto dynamic-map DYNOMAP 10 set transform-set AAADES

43. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-43 PIX Firewall to VPN Client Pre-Shared Example (cont.) pixfirewall# write terminal crypto map VPNPEER 20 ipsec-isakmp dynamic DYNOMAP crypto map VPNPEER client authentication MYTACACS crypto map VPNPEER interface outside isakmp enable outside isakmp identity address isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share isakmp policy 10 encryption des isakmp policy 10 hash md5 isakmp policy 10 group 2 isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400 vpngroup TRAINING address-pool MYPOOL vpngroup TRAINING idle-time 1800 vpngroup TRAINING password ********

44. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-44 VPN Client to PIX Firewall Example A new connection entry named vpnpeer0 is created. The remote server IP is the PIX Firewall outside interface. vpnpeer0

45. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-45 VPN Client to PIX Firewall Example (cont.) The group name matches the vpngroup name in the PIX Firewall. The password is the pre-shared key and must match the vpngroup password. You can use the digital certificate for authentication. TRAINING

46. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-46 PIX Firewall Assigns the IP Address to the VPN Client

47. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-47 Scale PIX Firewall VPNs

48. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-48 CA Server Fulfilling Requests from IPSec Peers Each IPSec peer individually enrolls with the CA server.

49. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-49 Enroll a PIX Firewall with a CA Configure CA support Generate public or private keys Authenticate the CA Request signed certificates from the CA CA administrator verifies request and sends signed certificates

50. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-50 Summary

51. © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FNS 1.0—14-51 Summary The PIX Firewall enables a secure VPN. IPSec configuration tasks include configuring IKE and IPSec parameters. CAs enable scaling to a large number of IPSec peers. Remote users can establish secure VPN tunnels between PCs running Cisco VPN Client software and any Cisco VPN-enabled product, such as the PIX Firewall, that supports the Unified Client framework.

52. 52 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.