1. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space

2. 4 States of Matter Solid – ice cube – atoms packed tight together Liquid – water – atoms not packed as tight Gas – Water Vapor – atoms free to move about Plasma – Northern lights, neon lights – more energy than gas

3. Phase Changes Kinetic Theory of Matter – Occur due to adding or taking away energy given this term because Kinetic means motion of energy

4. Phase Changes Melting Solid to a liquid Ice cube to water

5. Phase Changes Freezing Going from a liquid to solid Water to Ice cube

6. Phase Changes Condensation Gas to a Liquid Steam to Water

7. Phase Changes Sublimation Solid to Gas Dry Ice to Carbon Dioxide

8. Phase Changes Evaporation Liquid to Gas Water to Steam

9. Atom Tiny particles that make up matter or the building blocks of matter 3 Basic Parts –Neutron –Proton –Electron

10. Element Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom Examples: C = Carbon N = Nitrogen Fe = Iron

11. C. HOPKINS CaFe – Elements found in all living things *found in large amounts C *CarbonN *Nitrogen H *HydrogenSSulfur O *OxygenCa *Calcium P *PhosphorousFeIron KPotassiumThese are found Na – Sodium Zn - Zinc IIodineIn small amounts Cl – Chlorine Mg- Magnesium

12. Compounds Two or more elements that are chemically joined Examples: H 2 O – 2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 atom of Oxygen

13. Molecule Smallest part of a compound. Example: A cup of water might have 2,000 molecules of H 2 O Where a drop of water might have 5 molecules of H 2 O All molecules of water have the same properties

14. Chemical Formulas Combination of symbols Chemicals are joined by their outside energy levels Examples: CO 2 – Carbon Dioxide NH 3 - Ammonia C 6 H 12 O 6 - Glucose

15. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS DO NOT contain CARBON. Minerals – zinc, potassium, iron Oxygen – Plants complete PHOTOSYNTHESIS Water – without water, all living things would eventually die

16. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAIN CARBON Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

17. Lipids Another name: Fat Made up of C, H, O - but in longer, bigger molecules Give energy and make up part of cell membrane Two types: –Fat – Solid at room temperature –Oil – Liquid at room temperature

18. Carbohydrates Made up of C, H, O Two types of Carbohydrates: –Starches –Sugar

19. Proteins Made up of C, H, O, N and sometimes S and P Building blocks of proteins = Amino Acids

20. Important Jobs of Proteins Build growth and repair body structures

21. Important Jobs of Proteins Build Hair, Muscles, and other body parts

22. Important Jobs of Proteins Provide Energy

23. Important Jobs of Proteins Carry Oxygen in Blood (Hemoglobin)

24. Important Jobs of Proteins Make hormones and fight germs

25. What are enzymes? Special type of protein that regulate chemical activities in the body. Help to start or stop chemical reactions in the body Example: Salivary Amylase – in your saliva to break down sugars

26. NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) –Found in the nucleus of a cell –Carries the blueprint to make you, look like you RNA (ribonucleic acid) –Single stranded (not double like DNA) –Single Copy of DNA –Many important jobs to do in body

27. Vitamins Mostly obtained from outside substances – found in our foods Needed for normal growth and metabolism Let’s look at a few examples.

28. Vitamin C Helpful for growth and strong gums

29. Vitamin A Needed for tissue and cell maintenance, night vision, healthy bones, teeth and skin

30. Vitamin B 1 Helpful for red blood cell production, healthy nervous system, and growth

31. Vitamin D Needed by bones to absorb calcium Maintains strength in bones and teeth

32. Minerals Inorganic Compounds needed in the body Examples: Calcium, Phosphorous compounds

33. Water All things need it to survive

34. Carbon Dioxide Plants complete Photosynthesis – allowing them to make food for themselves by using the sunlight for energy Plants take in Carbon Dioxide and give off Oxygen during respiration.

35. 7 Compounds needed for Life CompoundElements CarbohydratesC, H, O Starch and Sugar are examples Lipids (Fat)C, H, O Fat (solid) and Oil (liquid) ProteinsC, H, O, N and sometimes S and P Building blocks = Amino Acids VitaminsC, A, B, D – look at your handout MineralsInorganic compounds needed in small amounts to form body structures WaterDehydration occurs with loss of water Carbon DioxidePhotosynthesis – plants take in Carbon Dioxide give off Oxygen