1. Social Stratification The layering of nations and groups within a nation The layering of nations and groups within a nation A way of ranking large groups of people into a hierarchy according to their relative privileges A way of ranking large groups of people into a hierarchy according to their relative privileges Every society stratifies its members Every society stratifies its members

2. Three Systems of Social Stratification

3. Slavery Causes of Slavery Causes of Slavery Debt Debt Crime Crime War War

4. Slavery Continued Conditions of Slavery Conditions of Slavery In some cases, slavery was temporary Slavery was not necessarily inheritable Slaves were not necessarily powerless and poor

5. Slavery in the New World Racism did not lead to slavery, slavery led to racism Racism did not lead to slavery, slavery led to racism U.S. land owners developed an ideology to justify the condition of slavery as acceptable U.S. land owners developed an ideology to justify the condition of slavery as acceptable Slavery became inheritable Slavery became inheritable

6. Slavery Continued "This unfortunate difference of color, and perhaps of faculty, is a powerful obstacle to the emancipation of these people." --Thomas Jefferson: Notes on Virginia Q.XIV, 1782. ME 2:201 "This unfortunate difference of color, and perhaps of faculty, is a powerful obstacle to the emancipation of these people." --Thomas Jefferson: Notes on Virginia Q.XIV, 1782. ME 2:201 "I have supposed the black man in his present state might not be [equal to the white man]; but it would be hazardous to affirm that equally cultivated for a few generations, he would not become so." -- Thomas Jefferson to Chastellux, 1785. ME 5:6, Papers 8:186 "I have supposed the black man in his present state might not be [equal to the white man]; but it would be hazardous to affirm that equally cultivated for a few generations, he would not become so." -- Thomas Jefferson to Chastellux, 1785. ME 5:6, Papers 8:186 "The improvement of the blacks in body and mind, in the first instance of their mixture with the whites, has been observed by every one, and proves that their inferiority is not the effect merely of their condition of life." Thomas Jefferson: Notes on Virginia Q.XIV, 1782. ME 2:197 "The improvement of the blacks in body and mind, in the first instance of their mixture with the whites, has been observed by every one, and proves that their inferiority is not the effect merely of their condition of life." Thomas Jefferson: Notes on Virginia Q.XIV, 1782. ME 2:197 "Nobody wishes more than I do to see... proofs [exhibited] that nature has given to our black brethren talents equal to those of the other colors of men, and that the appearance of a want of them is owing merely to the degraded condition of their existence both in Africa and America. I can add with truth that nobody wishes more ardently to see a good system commenced for raising the condition both of their body and mind to what it ought to be as fast as the imbecility of their present existence, and other circumstances which cannot be neglected, will admit." --Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Banneker, 1791. ME 8:241 "Nobody wishes more than I do to see... proofs [exhibited] that nature has given to our black brethren talents equal to those of the other colors of men, and that the appearance of a want of them is owing merely to the degraded condition of their existence both in Africa and America. I can add with truth that nobody wishes more ardently to see a good system commenced for raising the condition both of their body and mind to what it ought to be as fast as the imbecility of their present existence, and other circumstances which cannot be neglected, will admit." --Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Banneker, 1791. ME 8:241

7. Slavery Today Teenager Sold As Sex Slave Teenager Sold As Sex Slave Teenager Sold As Sex Slave Teenager Sold As Sex Slave “Slavery still exists today. Whether it is called human trafficking, bonded labor, forced labor, or sex trafficking, it is present worldwide, including within the United States and, increasingly, in your local community.” “An estimated 12 - 27 million people are caught in one or another form of slavery. Between 600,000 and 800,000 are trafficked internationally, with as many as 17,500 people trafficked into the United States. Nearly three out of every four victims are women. Half of modern-day slaves are children.” - - National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Free the Slaves

8. Caste System Status is determined by birth and is lifelong Status is determined by birth and is lifelong A person born into the low-status group will always have low status no matter how much they may accomplish in their life A person born into the low-status group will always have low status no matter how much they may accomplish in their life The countries that use caste system also employ endogamy (marriage within their own group) The countries that use caste system also employ endogamy (marriage within their own group) Even contact with a person from the lower caste can cause contamination in the superior caste Even contact with a person from the lower caste can cause contamination in the superior caste

9. India’s Religious Castes Has existed for over 3000 years Has existed for over 3000 years Based not on race but on religion Based not on race but on religion Four main castes Four main castes Brahman – Priest and teachers Brahman – Priest and teachers Kshatriya – Rulers and soldiers Kshatriya – Rulers and soldiers Vaishya – Merchants and traders Vaishya – Merchants and traders Shudra – Peasants and laborers Shudra – Peasants and laborers

10. The Untouchables Known as the Dalit Known as the Dalit If a Dalit touches someone from an upper caste, that person becomes unclean Even the shadow of a Dalit can contaminate Anyone who becomes contaminated must follow ablution, or washing rituals, to restore purity

11. U.S. Racial Caste System When slavery ended, it was replaced by a racial caste system When slavery ended, it was replaced by a racial caste system All whites, even if they were poor and uneducated, considered themselves to have a higher status than all African Americans All whites, even if they were poor and uneducated, considered themselves to have a higher status than all African Americans Intermarriage was prohibited Intermarriage was prohibited Segregated schools, hotels, restaurants, and even toilets Segregated schools, hotels, restaurants, and even toilets

13. Bell Work What were three pieces of information you found surprising or interesting about social class from the activity yesterday?

14. Social Class Open stratification system based on money or material possessions, which can be acquired Open stratification system based on money or material possessions, which can be acquired Social mobility is possible Social mobility is possible Begins at birth when the individual is ascribed the status of their parents Begins at birth when the individual is ascribed the status of their parents

15. What Does Social Class Look Like? In groups, choose one member to trace on the yellow butcher block paper. In groups, choose one member to trace on the yellow butcher block paper. You will be assigned one of the six social classes in America that Weber describes on pages 268-271 or 205- 207 of your text. You will be assigned one of the six social classes in America that Weber describes on pages 268-271 or 205- 207 of your text. It is your group’s task to label your outlined person with characteristics of members of the class you were assigned. Consider physical and mental health, education, religion, politics, crime, occupation, income, etc. You may choose to “dress” your person to according to your assumptions of what a person from your assigned class might look like. It is your group’s task to label your outlined person with characteristics of members of the class you were assigned. Consider physical and mental health, education, religion, politics, crime, occupation, income, etc. You may choose to “dress” your person to according to your assumptions of what a person from your assigned class might look like.