1. National Development Planning Agency
Republic of Indonesia
MAINSTREAMING Disaster risk reduction IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND BUDGETING SYSTEM: CASE OF INDONESIA
Dr. Suprayoga Hadi
Director for Special Area and Disadvantaged Region, National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), Republic of Indonesia
National Project Director of Safer Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction in Development (SCDRR), a cooperation between Government of Indonesia and UNDP
2nd Session of Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
Geneva, Switzerland, June 2009

2. Indonesia as a Disaster Prone Country
With Indonesia’s more than 18,000 islands along the Pacific “ring of fire” of active volcanoes and tectonic faults, the recent disaster is a reminder of the natural perils facing this expansive archipelago
Consist of approx. 224 million inhabitants, disproportionately distributed, comprises a mix ethnicities, community groups, religious denominations, customs and traditions
Flood and landslides also very common in the forest fringe areas in the rainy season with number of causalities and damaged settlements (N Sumatra, Kalimantan, Central and East Java, and Sulawesi)
Most of the main river banks are crowded with low-income squatter with high population density, increasing uncontrolled sedimentation
383 out of 483 districts/cities are disaster prone areas, for the reason of high number of population, high density areas with unevenly population distribution, high income disparity, increasing percentage of building coverage at urban and settlement area, decreasing water and sanitation quality
Early warning system is not ready available and ready to lowering the risk and impact in the prone areas of disasters, such as earthquake, landslides, and drought
Implementation of spatial plan for land use management were somewhat inconsistent and contributed to the high risk of natural disaster .
The policy, legal or regulatory framework is not fully in place that makes disaster risk reduction a normal part of the decentralized, local level development process.

3. Issues on Natural Disaster in Indonesia
130 Active volcanoes  potency to volcanic hazards
Recent Earthquake in Indonesia
Yogyakarta-Central Java, June 2006
Bengkulu-West Sumatera, September 2007
Gorontalo-Central Sulawesi, December 2008
West Papua, January 2009
Tsunami
Recent tsunami in Indonesia
Year
Location
No of casualty (people)
1992
Flores Tsunami
1,950
1994
East Java Tsunami
238
1996
Irian Jaya Tsunami
110
2004
Indian Ocean Tsunami
283,000
2006
West Java Tsunami
645
Floods:
Natural Factor (topography, high tide, rainfall)
Man-made Factor (change in land use, squatter area in river banks, decrease in river capacities affected by the pile of garbage and lack of maintenance, increase of sedimentation rate, etc)

4. Disaster Data affected by Global Climate Change in Indonesia (1998 – 2007)
Source: DIBI, 2009

5. Regulatory and Institutional Reform on DRR and Climate Change
Law No 24 year 2007 on Disaster Management
Law No 26 year on Spatial Planning
Law No 27year 2007 on Small Islands and Coastal Management
Government Regulation (GR) No 21/2008 on DM Operations, GR No 22/2008 on Funding & Management of Disaster Assistance, GR No 23/2008 on Participation of International Institutions and Foreign Non-Government Institution in DM
GR No 26 / on National Spatial Planning
Presidential Regulation No 8 / 2008 on NDMA (BNPB)
Presidential Regulation Nr 46 / 2008 on National Council for Climate Change
Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No 46/2008 on BPBD Organization and Works Mechanism
Head of BNPB Regulation No 3/ 2008 on BPBD
Regulatory Framework
Institutional Framework
Establishment of BNPB
Establishment of BPBD in a number of provincial and district / city levels
Establishment on National Platform on DRR
Establishment of National Council for Climate Change
Establishment of Mitigation Forum (led by Min of Marine & Fisheries)

6. Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change into Development Planning System
Long-term Development Planning (RPJP) 2005 – 2025:
RPJP 2005 – 2025 has identified CC as a critical challenge to Indonesia. Under the Development Direction: Terwujudnya Indonesia yang Asri dan Lestari (Everlasting Indonesia), the Plan highlights the various disasters caused by extreme climatic events in Indonesia, including the recent floods and droughts that have brought about heavy losses to national economy
Mainstreaming CC and DRR into RPJMN 2005 – 2009 :
Natural Resources Protection and Conservation, with main activities including :
Review of policies on natural resource protection and conservation
Protection of natural resources against uncontrolled exploitation
Protection against forest fires
Management and protection of biodiversity against extinction, on land, coasts and sea.
Partnership building with universities, local communities, NGO and private sector for the protection and conservation of natural resources
Spatial planning and zoning for the protection of natural resources, especially in areas prone to tectonic earthquakes, tsunami, floods, drought and other hazards.
Program to Develop Capacity in Natural Resources and Environmental Management
Program to Improve Quality and Access of Information on Natural Resources and Environment

7. Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change into Development Priority in 2007-2009
Policy
National Priority
Focus
Presidential Regulation No. 19 / 2006 on Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)for 2007
Priority VII:
Disaster Mitigation and Management
Focus 3: Institutional Strengthening for the Disaster Prevention and Management at the National and Local Level
Focus 4: Disaster Prevention and Disaster risk reduction
Presidential Regulation No. 18 / 2007 on Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)for 2008
Priority VIII:
Disaster Management, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Improvement of Contagious Disease Eradication
Focus 2: Elaboration of the national action plan for disaster risk reduction
Focus 3: Development of institutional and human resource capacity in disaster mitigation and early warning system
Focus 4: National and local spatial planning based on disaster risk reduction
Presidential Regulation No. 38 / 2008 on Annual Government Work Plan (RPK) for 2009
Priority II:
Acceleration of Economic Development through Fortification of Economic Resilience Supported by Agriculture Development
Focus 5: Strengthening Capacity in Global Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

8. GoI Current Policies on DM
LAW on DM No. 24 / 2007
Changing paradigm in DM:
National and Local Plan for DM
National and Local Action Plan for DRR
Funding Arrangement for DM:
- National Budget
- Local Budget
- Private sectors and/or community
- International Donors and NGOs
PP 21/2008 on
DM Arrangement
PP 22/2008 on DM Financing
PP 21/2008 on DM External Supports
Presidential Regulation (Perpres) No 8 / 2008 on the establishment of National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB)
Ministry of Home Affairs Decree (Permendagri) No 46/2008 on the establishment of Local Disaster Management Board (BPBD)

9. Integration of DM Plan & NAP-DRR into Dev’t Plan
Long –term Development Plan (RPJP)
Initiative Rights from Councils
Involve multi stakeholders the preparation of the plan
Involve multi stakeholders in DRR activity
DM Law 24/2007
National Action Plan for DRR (NAP-DRR)
(2006 – 2009)
DM Plan & NAP-DRR
Mid–term Development Plan (RPJM)
Government Annual Plans (RKPs)
2007, 2008 & 2009
Government Annual Plans (RKPs)
2010, 2011, etc

10. Policies on DRR Financing
PP 22/2008 on DM Financing
Funding Resources :
APBN (Nat’l budget)
APBD (local budget)
Community
Emergency Response
Pre-Disaster
Post Disaster
In situation of non-occurrence of disaster:
Facilitation of DM Planning formulation
DRR Programming
Disaster prevention programming
Integration of development planning with DM planning
Facilitation of implementation and enforcement of spatial planning
Formulation of DR Analysis
Implementation of DM Education and Training
Formulation of technical standards for DM
In situation of potential occurrence of disaster:
Preparedness activity
Development of Early Warning System
Disaster mitigation activities

11. Comprehensive Planning and Funding Arrangements for DRR in Indonesia
Preparedness / Risk Reduction
(Pre-disaster)
Developing Early Warning System (EWS) in prone areas (including dissemination EWS to community)
Community awareness for disaster preparedness
Capacity building to institutions for disaster management (coordination & immediate response)
Line Ministries/ Sectoral Budgets
Mapping prone areas (earthquake, land sliding, flood, volcanoes, weather disaster)
Responsible parties

12. Position of NAP-DRR within the Planning and Budgeting Process
Nat’l Sectoral Medium-term Plan
Sectoral Annual Work Plan
Sectoral Budgetin g Plan
Detail of National Budget
Government
Central
NAP-DRR
National Long-term Plan
National Medium-term Plan
Gov’t Annual Work Plan
Annual Budget Plan
National Annual Budget
Prov/Local Long-term Plan
Prov/LocalMedium-term Plan
LG Annual Work Plan
Prov/Local Annual Budget Plan
Prov/Loc al Annual Budget
Provincial/Local
Government
LAP-DRR
Prov/Local Sectoral Med-term Plan
LG sectoral Annual Work Plan
Rprov/Local Sectoral Budget Plan
Detail of Prov/Local Budget

13. Framework on DM Planning Coordination
LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
(RPJP – RTRW)
MID-TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN
(RPJM – RPB)
SECTORAL STRATEGIC PLAN
DRR ACTION PLAN
ANNUAL GOVERNMENT WORK PLAN
RPJP NATIONAL
RPJM NATIONAL
RKP NATIONAL
RENSTRA K/L
NATIONAL
RTRW NATIONAL
NATIONAL DM PLAN
NAP DRR
RENJA K/L
RPJP PROVINCE
RPJM
PROVINCE
RKPD PROV
PROVINCIAL
RENSTRA SKPD PROV
RTRW PROVINCE
DM PLAN PROVINCE
LAP DRR PROV
RENJA SKPD PRO
RPJM
DISTRICT
RPJP DISTRICT/ CITY
RKPD CITY / DISTRICTT
RENSTRA SKPD K/K
DISTRICT
LAP DRR
CITY/ DISTRICT
RTRW DISTRICT / CITY
DM PLAN
DISTRICT / CITY
RENJA SKPD K/K 13

14. DRR related Budget Allocation
Disaster Management and DRR related Budget Allocation in Gov’t Annual Work Plan 2007 & 2008 No
Focus
Budget 2007
(Rp Billion)
Budget 2008 1
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for post-tsunami in NAD Province dan Nias North Sumatera
9.710,6
6.727,2 2
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for post disaster in Alor-Nabire, DI Yogyakarta and Central Java, and other disaster areas
287,8
648,2 3
Institutional Strengthening in Disaster Management at central and local levels (Early Warning System and mitigation)
49,8
1.028,7 4
Disaster Risk Reduction
94,0
127,3 5
Capacity Building and Community Preparedness in Disaster Management
78,0 6
DRR Mainstreaming in spatial plan
277,0 7
Avian Flu Eradication
604,3
Total
10.220,1
9.412,7
DRR related Budget Allocation
221,8
1.433,0

15. Disaster Management and DRR related Budget Allocation in Annual Work Plan 2009No
Program
Budget (Rp Billion)
Line Ministry 1
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction post tsunami in NAD Province and Nias Island
969,42
MoPW, MOHA, MoT, Kemeng PDT 2
Development Program for HRD in Meteorology and Geophysical Sector
100,15
BMG 3
Research and Development Program 5
LAPAN 4
Conservation Program for Water Resources 17
Bakosurtanal
Diffusion and Utilization of Technology & Science 50
Ministry of Research and Technology 6
Health Development Program
600
Ministry of Health 7
Capacity Development Program for Research and Technology in Production System 15
BPPT 8
Assistance Program for Social Sector
519,03
Ministry of Social Affairs, BPLS 9
Recovery Program for disaster affected areas
83,25
Bakornas PB
Total
2.358,85

16. Disaster Management and DRR Financing in Indonesia 2007-2009
Based on the DM Law and Government Regulation No 22 / 2008, the DRR financing resources are from:
Government (National & Local)
Community / Private
Donors
The Government allocates the budget based on the RPJM and RKP (Government Annual Works Plan) as indicated on the previous slides.
The specific national budget for climate change was allocated in the RKP 2009 (in Priority no 2 – Focus 5), while in the past, the government activities targeting for CC were embedded into regular development programs with no specific national budget allocated to CC.
The Climate change financial scheme will apply the rules and procedures under UNFCCC and ODA financing mechanism, and aligns with GOI general financing policies.
For external funding, Indonesia prioritizes grant utilization to finance CC programming which is from bilateral or multilateral donors

17. DRR Financing in Government Budget 2007-2009No
RKP
Priority Activity
Budget (IDR, Million) 1
2007
DRR , incl. Capacity building and community preparedness for DM
221.80 2
2008
Implementation of NAP DRR;
Institutional strengthening in DM (EWS and disaster mitigation); and
DRR mainstreaming into spatial planning
1,433.00 3
2009
Focus 5: Strengthening and development in Global CC Mitigation and Adaptation
(undertaken by various line ministries, such as Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, Ministry of PW, Ministry of Forestry, State Ministry of Environment, BMKG, MoHA, Bakosurtanal & BNPB)
1,736.40

18. Comparison of Program Proposal in the National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction Against Government Allocation
IDR. Million
Data compilation as per Feb. 2009

19. Non Government Budget
Multilateral and Bilateral Loans/Grants on DRR in supporting:
1. Institutional and Regulatory development at national and local levels;
2. Revitalization of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Areas
3. Conservation critical upstream watershed areas
3. Poverty reduction programs
4. Community Development Programs (livelihoods, settlement infrastructure program)
5. Development and strengthening on Early Warning System (including strengthening multi sector and multi stakeholder coordination and cooperation within early warning chain)
6. Infrastructure development (incl. regulation and building standards)
7. Strengthening BMG on Climate and Weather Services Capacity
8. DRR Education and Training Program
9. Raising Public Awareness

20. Comparison of Program Proposal in the National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction Against Donor and NGO’s
IDR. Million
Note:
Data collection Jan - Feb 2009
Most of the programs are multi years. The budget allocation is recorded at the first year of the program

21. Donors Contribution to DM System
Pre-disaster phase:
strengthen local and national capacities, to effectively prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters;
support and promote the effective implementation of legal and regulatory instruments for disaster risk reduction and disaster management and
support dialogue and coordination between agencies and institutions at all levels to prepare for effective disaster risk management.
During disaster
making use of disaster response capacities, and taking into account the responsibilities assigned under the ongoing humanitarian reform process and where national capacities are exceeded
support Government efforts to provide emergency humanitarian assistance to disaster affected populations
conduct needs assessments
share information and assist Government in coordination of the disaster response
Post-disaster phase
making use of pre-existing frameworks for cooperation, and taking into account the Millennium Development Goals and the Hyogo Framework for Action and support national efforts to help communities effectively recover from the impact of disaster and to promote sustainable development

22. Lessons Learned
Shifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007 enhances the participation form non-government multi stakeholders, mainly international community and NGOs in the DM and DRR activities;
Indonesia experiences in recent disasters (Aceh & Yogya) implies to:
generate government in the acceleration of the finalization and implementation of DM and DRR regulatory and institutional frameworks;
enhance the awareness of people in the importance of DRR;
attract international communities in supporting government in the promoting DRR;
Commitment and support from international communities and donors significantly provide advocacy policy frameworks and generate the implementation of mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development, such as Program SCDRR supported by DFID and UNDP, GFDRR by the World Bank, AusAID, JICA etc.

23. CHALLENGES and WAY FORWARD
Develop the derivation from the DM Law in line with the mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development;
Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic approach of DRR in the development;
Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in the DM and DRR aspects;
Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc
Introduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up development planning and budgeting approach starting at village levels;
Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of CBDRM, that currently implemented fragmentary by NGOs at sub-district and village levels;
Shift the international donors and community on the DRR implementation from ‘favorable areas’ (Aceh & Yogya) to other prone disaster areas;
Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction stage to DRR and mitigation efforts, as well as integrate DRR and Climate Change (NAP-DRR and NAPA).

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