1. “Themes & Memes of the Course” Legal Constraints on (Digital) Creativity Class 13 UBC Law @ Allard Hall Jon Festinger Q.C. Centre for Digital Media Festinger Law & Strategy http://videogame.law.ubc.ca @gamebizlaw jon_festinger@thecdm.ca

2. Final Review (of the semester)…

3. Emergent Themes

4. 1. Constraints Distort Creativity 10. Internet Governance & Surveillance (International Law) 9. Taxation/Currency/Gambling/Criminal/Obscenity (Criminal & Quasi Criminal) 8. Misleading promises/advertising, physical or psychological harm, unfair competition/anti-trust (consumer protection) 7. Industry self regulation (delegated authority) & medium specific regulation (constitutional) Out of the Creation Norms (Censorship) -------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the Creation (Magic Circle) Ethics (of Originality, Creativity & Expression) 6. EULA/ToS & Contracts (contractual, private) 5. Privacy, Defamation & Personality law (tort, IP) 4. Trademark, Patents & the IP Business 3. Copyright & Users Rights (statutory) 2. Technology (quasi extra-legal) 1. Community (extra-legal)

5. 2. Law is slow & confused when dealing with advancing technology

6. Because?... Communication tools iteratively alter and shape how and what we communicate, including (over time) how we formulate ethical concerns and legal frameworks…

7. 3. Creators do not need (nor want) additional constraints

8. The academic question…

9. The answer…

10. 4. Creativity is “connected”

11. https://keithsawyer.wordpress.com/2014/07/21/is-the-lone-genius-finally-dead/

12. 5. Dual Creator Effect Creators are Users/ Users are Creators When “rights” & “Intellectual Property” are at stake no matter who you impact you are always impacting a “creator”.

13. https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150114/17225129702/steven-soderbergh-got-judge-to-say-that-re- editing-films-is-not-fair-use-now-hes-re-editing-films-posting-them-online.shtml

14. The key: Post Structuralism 1 "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences” Jacques Derrida Structures as free-floating (or 'playing') sets of relationships. Structuralist discourses unfortunately hold on to a "center” which anchors the structure and “does not play”. http://hydra.humanities.uci.edu/Derrida/s ign-play.html

15. “Post-structuralism with respect to narratology can be said to focus on decentralization of the author and the replacement of them with the reader. What this means is that authorial intent is not the primary goal of a textual or narrative analysis of a work. Decentralizing the author allows the work to be open to new interpretations. The way a text is read by one person is not invalidated by another reading of it, but rather just another interpretation given a different situated perspective. So what does this mean for an individual reader and, more importantly, a videogame player?” http://www.escapistmagazine.com/for ums/read/326.302015-Post- Sructuralism-and-Videogames “From Post-Structuralism and Videogames”

16. 6. EULA’s & ToS’ are the Post (apocalyptic) IP World

17. Nasty Questions: 1. Does copyright matter in a “Post IP World”? 2. Do freedoms truly exist outside of contract in a “Post IP World”?

18. 7. The “(Digital)” in “(Digital) Creativity” matters. Because of it’s: 1.Amplifying effect 2.Scaleability 3.Virality 4.“Surveillability” 5.Borderlessness

19. 8. We are changing…

20. http://www.technologyreview.com/view/526111/how-the-internet-is-taking-away-americas-religion/

21. 9. Technology is neutral (reject tech determinism &/or blaming the tech).

22. 10. There is no “Magic Circle” There is no virtual… It’s all real…

23. 11. Broadcast/Telecom Policy Inversion

24. 12. There is no “one way” tube

25. 13. The Significance of Creativity v. Innovation * With thanks to Andrew Ming-Lum

26. Creativity “Creativity is the process of bringing something new into being. Creativity requires passion and commitment. It brings to our awareness what was previously hidden and points to new life. The experience is one of heightened consciousness: ecstasy.” Rollo May, The Courage to Create

27. http://its.yale.edu/about/innovation-its/what-innovation

28. Is the game rigged? Industry > Art

29. Explains Patent Law double standards ? Innovation in a patent law context effectively allows “mods”….So why doesn’t creativity in a copyright law context similarly allow mods. Patent law allows free riding on both ideas and expression (through designing around). Copyright law allows free riding on ideas only. If free riding on ideas is ok, why is free riding on expression not ok?… (Tushnet)

30. An analytical starting point??… What human values do we wish served? Why are we here?

32. https://youtu.be/lK_cdkpazjI

33. Informal Survey Results (organized) Creating Curiosity Search For Meaning (Viktor Frankl) Transcendence Happiness An Interesting Life Collaboration Helping Others Self-Actualization Love (“Interstellar”) Innovating Living Forever Survival Exist Be Productive Evolve Self-Determination Fulfillment Legacy

34. My (first) opinion for what it’s worth... Creativity is the purpose of life… Hence our obsession with creation myths… Spiderman Batman First Day of Creation (from the 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle)

35. My reconsidered opinion (for what it’s worth)... Communicating is the purpose of life…

36. Creating is a subset of Communicating ?…

37. Innovating a subset of building (constructing) ?

38. Key: What are the values of each? Values of Creativity Intuition Feels “new” Artistry Integrity Emotional Beauty Meaning Measured by Interpretation Values of Innovation Optimization Iteration Improvement Economic value Usable Design Productivity Measured by Features

39. A conclusion?… The values of creativity and innovation are entirely different and accordingly it is illogical to conflate them in legal, normative or business terms. Leonard Nimoy 1931 - 2015 19

42. Innovation v. Creativity illustrates… 1. That the notion of “Intellectual Property” is misleading. 2. Different Intent + Different Values = Different Things.

43. These differences are useful in tailoring appropriate choices/approaches for: Copyright/Trademark/Pate nt Law Privacy/Surveillance Regulation (Net Neutrality)

44. Also a business theory??? Blackberry v. Apple

45. Whither (or withered) Nintendo??? http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/03/fan-made-super- mario-64-game-pulled-after-nintendo-cries-foul/

46. http://gamepolitics.com/2015/02/05/more-clarifications- nintendo-creators-program#.VOqwjVPF83s

47. https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150406/10300130565/youtuber-angry-joe- swears-off-nintendo-videos-after-company-claimed-his-mario-party-10-take.shtml

48. https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20141013/11010528810/nintendo-bricks-wii-u-consoles-unless-owners-agree-to-new-eula.shtml

49. How To Distinguish Creativity From Innovation …

50. Use Post-Structuralism Decentralizing the Author & Replacing Them With the Reader… Jacques Derrida 1930-2004

51. Creativity is Post- Structuralist

52. Innovation, Not so much

53. Creativity “plays”, Innovation doesn’t…

54. “Freeplay is the disruption of presence. The presence of an element is always a signifying and substitutive reference inscribed in a system of differences and the movement of a chain. Freeplay is always an interplay of absence and presence, but if it is to be radically conceived, freeplay must be conceived before the alternative of presence and absence; being must be conceived of as presence or absence beginning with the possibility of freeplay and not the other way around.”

55. ;) http://www.critical-theory.com/quite-unintelligible-derridas-scathing-criticism-from-a-teacher/

56. Also Consider Review of Creativity Review of Innovation

57. Where to investigate further?

59. Some Conclusions

60. There are a lot of constraints on creativity They are layered Otherwise they follow no particular pattern Key is clear identification of the constraints Then implement strategies to remove them as impediments

61. All A MATTER OF PERSPECTIVE

62. Always include a cat pic

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