1. APLIKASI BERNOULLI PADA
Saluran Kovergen/Divergen Diffuser,
Sudden expansion
Fluida gas
Flowmeter : Pitot tube, Orificemeter, Venturimeter, Rotameter

2. PERS.BERNOULLI
Steady

3. PERS.BERNOULLI
HEAD FORM OF BERNOULLI EQUATION

4. DIFFUSER Cara untuk untuk memperlambat kecepatan aliran V1,P1,A12 1
z1-z2
V1,P1,A1
V2,P2,A2

5. SUDDEN EXPANSIONS Cara untuk untuk memperlambat kecepatan aliran 1 2
P1,V1
P2,V2=0
z1-z2

6. BERNOULLI UNTUK GAS Patmosfir -------------------- ------------- 1
VR,PR
P1,V1
P1-Patm V (ft/s)
Psia (Eq.5.17)
V(ft/s)
(Eq.in Chap.8) 35
111
191
269
344
477
714
(Eq.5.17)
Eq.in Chap.8

7. BERNOULLI FOR FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT1 2 h1 h2 • •
PITOT TUBE

8. VENTURIMETER 1 2
V2,P2
V1,P1
Manometer

9. Venturi Flowmeter
The classical Venturi tube (also known as the Herschel Venturi tube) is used to determine flowrate through a pipe.  Differential pressure is the pressure difference between the pressure measured at D and at d D d
Flow

10. ORIFICEMETER 1 2
Orifice plate
Circular drilled hole
             where,   Co - Orifice coefficient         - Ratio of CS areas of upstream to that of down stream                                 Pa-Pb  - Pressure gradient across the orifice meter      - Density of fluid

11. ORIFICEMETER
             where,   Co - Orifice coefficient         - Ratio of CS areas of upstream to that of down stream                                 Pa-Pb  - Pressure gradient across the orifice meter      - Density of fluid

12. incompressible flow through an orifice

13. compressible flow through an orifice
Y is 1.0 for incompressible fluids and it can be calculated for compressible gases.[2]
For values of β less than 0.25, β4 approaches 0 and the last bracketed term in the above equation approaches 1. Thus, for the large majority of orifice plate installations: Y
= Expansion factor, dimensionless r
= P2 / P1 k
= specific heat ratio (cp / cv), dimensionless

14. compressible flow through an orifice

15. compressible flow through an orificek
= specific heat ratio (cp / cv), dimensionless
= mass flow rate at any section, kg/s C
= orifice flow coefficient, dimensionless A2
= cross-sectional area of the orifice hole, m² ρ1
= upstream real gas density, kg/m³ P1
= upstream gas pressure, Pa   with dimensions of kg/(m·s²) P2
= downstream pressure in the orifice hole, Pa  with dimensions of kg/(m·s²) M
= the gas molecular mass, kg/kmol    (also known as the molecular weight) R
= the Universal Gas Law Constant = J/(mol·K) T1
= absolute upstream gas temperature, K Z
= the gas compressibility factor at P1 and T1, dimensionless

16. Sudden Contraction (Orifice Flowmeter)
Orifice flowmeters are used to determine a liquid or gas flowrate by measuring the differential pressure P1-P2 across the orifice plate P1 P2 d D
Flow
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95 1
102
105
106
107 Re Cd
103
104
Reynolds number based on orifice diameter Red

17. ROTAMETER Tansparent tapered tube with diameter D0+Bz
Solid ball with diameter D0
Density B 3 2 2 1
z=0
Fluid with density F

18. ROTAMETER
D0+Bz
Solid ball D0
Density B 3 2 2 1 F
z=0
Only one possible value that keep the ball steaduly suspended

19. ROTAMETER
D0+Bz
For any rate the ball must move to that elevation in the tapered tube where
Solid ball D0
Density B 3 2 2 1 F
z=0
The height z at which the ball stands, is linearly proportional to the volumetric flowrate Q

20. TEKANAN ABSOLUT NEGATIF ?2
40ft 1
10ft
Applying the equation between point 1 and 3 3
Applying the equation between point 1 and 2
? negatif
This flow is physically impossible. It is unreal
Because the siphone can never lift water more than 34 ft (10.4 m) above the water surface
It will not flow at all