1. Department of Electrical Engineering
EE-CS R and D in India
U. B. Desai
SPANN Lab
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT-Bombay
Powai, Mumbai
India

2. EE-CS R & D in India
Daunting task, simply because the canvas is too vast
Will provide highlights …
Likely to miss out on some key activities
July 18, 2004

3. India’s economy ranked 120 w.r.t. per capita GDP
As per 2001 Census
3.28 million sq kilometers
35 States and Union Territories
Population: 1,028,610,328
No. of Households: 193,579,954
Avg. No. of persons per household: 5.3
No. of Villages: 638,588
No. of Towns 6161
As per July 2005
GDP: $650 billion
Per Capita income: $534
India’s economy ranked
120 w.r.t. per capita GDP
But ranked 4 if one considers
PPP (purchasing power parity);
after US, China and Japan
July 18, 2004

4. R n D Organizations in India
Academic
Institutions
R n D
Organizations in
India
ISRO
(Space Research
Centers)
Industry
DRDO
Defense Research
Centers
Department of
Atomic Energy
July 18, 2004

5. Academic Organizations
TIFR, IISc, Seven IITs, ISI-Cal, Inst. of Math Sci.
CDAC, BITS-Pilani, IIITs (Hyderabad, Bangalore)
NITs (National Institute of Technology), Other IIITs (Allahbad,
Ahemdabad, …), BIT-Mesra, Anna Univ., Other Univs.,
and Private Colleges, …
July 18, 2004

6. Sources of Research Funding for Academic Institutions MHRD DST DSIR
Ministry of Human
Resource Development
DST
Department of
Science and Tech
MICT
Ministry of Info.
And Comm. Tech.
DSIR
Dept. of Sci. and
Indust. Res.
Sources of
Research Funding
for Academic
Institutions
Industry
Department of
Atomic Energy
DRDO
Defense Research
Dev. Org.
ISRO
Indian Space
Research Org.
July 18, 2004

7. Two Exceptional Achievements: Made Worldwide Impact
Manindra Agrawal, CSE Dept.
IIT-Kanpur
Discovered a polynomial time deterministic algorithm to test if an input number is prime or not.
Solved a long standing problem on polynomial test for primality
Two B.Tech. students form IITK were involved with this work.
July 18, 2004

8. Two Exceptional Achievements …
CorDECT
Ashok Jhunjhunwala EE Dept. IIT-Madras
Developed Wireless local loop (WLL) technology -- CorDECT
Incubated companies which markets this products worldwide -- particularly in developing countries (Africa, Middle East)
Extensively deployed in rural India
Various services on the CorDECT pipe
Rural ATM
July 18, 2004

9. Leadership in Research and Development
R and D Vision at
Academic Institutions
Theory,
Algorithms, …
Leadership in
Research
and
Development
Publications
at International
Forums
Technology
Development
Incubate Companies
Partnership
with Industries
July 18, 2004

10. R & D Expenditure No. among Top 1% of Cited Papers Per Capita R&D
(US$)
per top cited
Paper
US$ million
Per scientist
(US$ 000)
Scientist
Per mill
Population
R & D Expenditure
July 18, 2004
Source: UNESCO Statistical year Book, 1999; R. Chidambaram, Current Science, 25 March 2005

11. Communication and Electronics Sensor Networks Info. Thy and Coding
Wireless
Communication
NextGen Wireless
802.16 4G
Communication
and Electronics
Signal Processing
Comm. Networks
Sensor Networks
RFID
Info. Thy and
Coding
Space-Time
Signal Processing
Optical Comm.
Ultra Wideband
(UWB)
Speech Processing
Multimedia
Cryptography
Computer Vision
Pattern Recog.
Network Security
VLSI
Nanotechnology
Devices
Biomedical Signal
Processing
Embedded
Systems
July 18, 2004

12. Computer Science & Engineering Language Compilers Technologies
Distributed
Computing
Computer Science
& Engineering
Theoretical CS
Soft Computing
Compilers
Language
Technologies
Mobile
Computing
Databases
And
Web Technology
Ubiquitous
Computing
Bioinformatics
Computer Graphics
Machine Translation
Computer Vision
Ad Hoc Networks
Machine Learning
Intelligent Systems
Human Computer
Interaction
Grid Computing
Software Engrg.
Digital Library
July 18, 2004

13. Coding, receiver algorithms Basically --- Physical Layer Protocols QoS
Signal Processing
Comm. Networks
Wireless
Communication
Thrust is on
Denoising Algorithms
Wavelets
Channel Modeling
Coding, receiver algorithms
Basically --- Physical Layer
Protocols
QoS
MAC
Stochastic Network Traffic Modeling
July 18, 2004

14. Simulations for 802.16 (WiMax) Space-time codes for 802.16de
NextGen Wireless
802.16 4G
Info. Thy and
Coding
Space-Time
Signal Processing
Simulations for (WiMax)
Space-time codes for de
Development of “Indian” profiles for 4G
(led by CeWIT at IITM)
Multiuser Detection
Cross layer optimization
July 18, 2004

15. Mulithop, fault tolerant and energy efficient protocols
Sensor Networks
RFID
Ultra Wideband
(UWB)
Mulithop, fault tolerant and energy
efficient protocols
Collaborative signal processing
Lab. test bed
Some beginnings
July 18, 2004

16. Computer Vision and Graphics gesture recognition super-resolution
Multimedia
transcoding
media over wireless
Computer Vision and Graphics
gesture recognition
super-resolution
motion analysis
Rendering
Virtual Reality
Multimedia
Computer Vision
Pattern Recog.
Computer Graphics
July 18, 2004

17. A thrust area for ministry Encryption Algorithms
Elliptic curves based cryptography
RF based security for Wireless LANs
Network Security
Cryptography
July 18, 2004

18. Speech to SMS (CSR Lab. of Tata Infotech)
Language
Technologies
Speech Recognition
Speech to SMS (CSR Lab. of Tata Infotech)
Machine Translation from Telugu,
Kanada, Marathi, Punjabi, Bengali to
to Hindi (IIIT-Hyd)
Domain specific search
engines (e.g. Cricket) (IIIT-Hyd)
Speech Processing
July 18, 2004

19. Graph Drawing Algorithms Complexity Theory in the Algebraic Model
Theoretical CS
Graph Partitioning
Graph Drawing Algorithms
Complexity Theory in the Algebraic Model
Parallel algorithms
Enumerative Combinatorics
July 18, 2004

20. Parallel databases, and real-time databases GIS Transaction processing
Web Technology
Distributed
Computing
Soft Computing
Query processing,
indexing, and caching
in data-warehouses
and data marts.
Parallel databases, and
real-time databases
GIS
Transaction processing
and recovery
Web-interfaces to
databases
Novel architectures
(extended hypercube)
Distributed information
representation
distributed client server
information systems
Cased base reasoning
Genetic, Fuzzy and
Neural-net algos.
Probabilistic support
vector machines
Unsupervised learning
July 18, 2004

21. Energy efficient routing algorithms
Mobile
Computing
Ad Hoc Networks
Energy efficient routing algorithms
Seamless handoff between GSM and WiFi
Mobile agents based wireless networking
Wireless protocols for e, , …
July 18, 2004

22. Universal networking language Combinatorial and stochastic methods
in machine learning
Semantics and Verification
Machine Translation
Machine Learning
Intelligent Systems
July 18, 2004

23. Product Development Proucts in the market:
Simputer – IISc
PARAM Computer from
CDAC
CorDECT – IITM
Rural ATM – IITM
Indian Language software tools package (CDAC, Chennai Kavigal, …) …
IISc, all ITTs, BITs, etc. have
Business Incubators
IITM
IISc -- SID (Soc. for Innovation and Development)
IITKgp - STEP
IITD -- FIST
IITB – SINE
IITK – SIIC …
July 18, 2004

24. Students, Faculty and Colleges
Total enrolment
3,000000
5,270000
8,821000
9,227833
Intake in Engineering
28,500
66,600
359, 723
692,087
No of Engrg. colleges
158
337
1208
All colleges
4886
7592
13,150
Faculty Strength
199,904
264,000
351,000
Ph.D.s awarded
6080
8743
11,450
Ph.D.s in Engineering
139
299
739
Higher Education Expenditure: % GDP
1.0
0.46
0.40
July 18, 2004

25. Comm. Sig. Proc. and Microelectronics
No. of Faculty
No. of Ph.D. /yr
No. of M.Tech./yr
Comp. Sci. & Engrg.
~ 30
~ 500
Comm. Sig. Proc. and Microelectronics
~ 50
Manpower and Output
Int. Journal Publications
Int. Conf. Publications
Comp. Sci.
&
Engrg.
~ 150
~ 300
Comm., Signal Process. & Micro. Electro.
~ 400
Nat. Conf.
Int. Conf.
CSE
3-4
2-4
CSP-MuE
4-5
3-5
July 18, 2004

26. “India is a developing country but it is a developed country
John F. Welch
“India is a developing country but it is a developed country
as far as its intellectual infrastructure is concerned. We get
the highest Intellectual capital per dollar”
Many multinationals, which include Microsoft, Motorola, Lucent, Google, IBM, TI, Analog Devices, Philips, Sony, Erickson, HP, Intel, Nokia etc. have already opened their R&D centers in the country. These centers are over and above their regular development centers.
July 18, 2004

27. Many thanks Now such walls are emerging in India
Riardo Giacconi, a Nobel Laureate in Physics,
“A scientist is like a painter. Michelangelo became
a great artist, because he had been given a wall
to paint. My wall was given to me by the United States.”
Many thanks
Now such walls are emerging in India
and we are seeing a ray of reverse migration
July 18, 2004