2. Visible Invisibility Women of Color in Law Firms

3. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Survey 72% overall response rate (920 respondents) 74% women of color (632 respondents) 60% men of color (132 respondents) 79% white women (194 respondents) 64% white men (157 respondents)

4. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Women of Color Focus Groups Chicago Chicago New York City New York City Los Angeles Los Angeles Atlanta Atlanta Washington, DC Washington, DC

5. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Experience Differential

6. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Demeaning Comments or Harassment 49% of women of color reported having experienced demeaning comments or harassment a law firm 49% of women of color reported having experienced demeaning comments or harassment a law firm 3% of white men reported demeaning comments or harassment 3% of white men reported demeaning comments or harassment

7. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Lack of Networking Approximately 63% of women of color reported that they were excluded from formal and informal networking opportunities Approximately 63% of women of color reported that they were excluded from formal and informal networking opportunities 4% of white men reported that they were excluded 4% of white men reported that they were excluded

8. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Denial of Assignments 44 % of women of color reported that they were denied desirable assignments 44 % of women of color reported that they were denied desirable assignments 2% of white men reported being denied desirable assignments 2% of white men reported being denied desirable assignments

9. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Lack of Access to Billable Hours 46% of women of color reported meeting billable hour requirements 46% of women of color reported meeting billable hour requirements 58% of white men reported meeting billable hour requirements 58% of white men reported meeting billable hour requirements

10. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Challenges to Client Development Opportunities 43% women of color reported having limited client development opportunities 43% women of color reported having limited client development opportunities 3% of white men reported having limited client development opportunities 3% of white men reported having limited client development opportunities women of color “met with clients when it was advantageous to the firm”

11. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Unfair Performance Evaluations 33% of women of color reported they had received unfair performance evaluations 33% of women of color reported they had received unfair performance evaluations 1% of white men reported receiving unfair performance evaluations 1% of white men reported receiving unfair performance evaluations “soft evaluations” denied women of color the opportunity to improve…and gain experiences that lead to promotions and partnership

12. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Salary Differential Overall, lawyers of color were compensated less than their white counterparts

13. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Salary Impact men of color earned approximately 1/3 more than women of color men of color earned approximately 1/3 more than women of color white women earned approximately 2/3 more than women of color white women earned approximately 2/3 more than women of color white men earned nearly double the salary of women of color white men earned nearly double the salary of women of color

14. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Motivation 77% of women of color are the sole or primary income provider 77% of women of color are the sole or primary income provider 81% of white men are also the sole or primary income provider 81% of white men are also the sole or primary income provider

15. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Attrition 53% of women of color remained employed at firms 53% of women of color remained employed at firms 72% of white men remained employed at law firms 72% of white men remained employed at law firms women of color left to pursue employment in corporations and other environments that they perceived to value them and offer more opportunities

16. ABA Commission on Women Women of Color Research Initiative Project www.abanet.org/women Recommendations At a minimum, stay compliant with anti-discrimination and anti-harassment policies and hold people accountable for non-compliance. At a minimum, stay compliant with anti-discrimination and anti-harassment policies and hold people accountable for non-compliance. Integrate women of color into existing measurement efforts, your firm’s professional fabric, social fabric. Integrate women of color into existing measurement efforts, your firm’s professional fabric, social fabric. Support women of color’s efforts to build internal and external support systems. Support women of color’s efforts to build internal and external support systems.