1. J/  production in In-In collisions at SPS energies Philippe Pillot — IPN Lyon for the NA60 Collaboration QCD @ work 2005 June 16–20   Outline: Reminder of the physics motivation A glimpse of the detector concept J/  production in Indium-Indium collisions

2. 2 Physics motivations QCD predicts that, above a critical temperature or energy density, strongly interacting matter undergoes a phase transition to a new state (QGP) where the quarks and gluons are no longer confined in hadrons, and chiral symmetry is restored. Since 1986, many experiments have studied high-energy nuclear collisions at the CERN SPS to search for this QCD phase transition. Some of the theory-driven “signatures” required measuring lepton pairs and motivated NA38, CERES, HELIOS-3 and NA50: changes in the  spectral function (mass shifts, broadening, disappearance) when chiral symmetry restoration is approached the production of thermal dimuons directly emitted from the new phase, if in thermal equilibrium the suppression of charmonium states (J/ ,  ’,  c ) dissolved when critical thresholds are exceeded Some of the measurements done by these experiments are consistent with the expectations derived from the theoretical predictions in case a QGP phase is formed. This talk will be focused on the suppression of the J/ 

3. 3 J/  L Projectile Target “normal nuclear absorption”: Survival probability of the J/  exp(-  L  abs )  abs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb No anomalous suppression is seen in light-ion collisions (O-Cu, O-U and S-U) Anomalous suppression is seen in Pb-Pb Experimental observations / Questions that remain open From p-A collisions at 200, 400, 450 GeV (NA3, NA38, NA50 and NA51):  What is the physics mechanism behind the J/  suppression seen in Pb-Pb collisions?  What is the impact of the  c feed-down on the observed J/  suppression pattern?  Is the normal nuclear absorption of the  c identical to the one of the J/  ?  Can we compare proton-nucleus data at 450 GeV with Pb-Pb data at 158 GeV? New measurements are needed  NA60

4. 4 What is the physics behind the abnormal suppression ?  Study of the J/  abnormal suppression as a function of different variables, with different colliding systems, in order to find the good observable: L, N part, . For instance, results obtained in the three colliding systems will either overlap when plotted as a function of L or when plotted as a function of N part  NA60 collected data in indium-indium collisions. To be compared with the S-U and Pb-Pb results of NA38/NA50 The correlation between the different variables, as a function of the centrality of the collision, depends on the colliding system N part L (fm)

5. 5 ~ 1m Muon Spectrometer MWPC’s Trigger Hodoscopes Toroidal Magnet Iron wall Hadron absorber Target area beam ZDC NA60’s detector in the 2003 indium run MUON FILTER BEAM TRACKER TARGET BOX VERTEX TELESCOPE Dipole field 2.5 T IC not on scale 5-week long run in Oct.–Nov. 2003:  ~ 4 × 10 12 ions delivered in total  ~ 230 million dimuon triggers on tape Two data sets collected, with 4000 A and 6500 A in the toroidal magnet L and N part calculated using the Glauber model E ZDC  N spectators  158 GeV 0 10 20 TeV target Projectile Central collisions Peripheral collisions

6. 6 The vertex telescope Measurement accuracy of the interaction vertex: < 20 µm perpendicularly to the beam axis < 200 µm along the beam axis Beam Tracker Silicon strips operated at 130 K (improves radiation hardness) 16 silicon pixel planes 50  425 µm 2 pixel size ~ 800 000 pixels Vertex Telescope  The interaction must take place in one of the seven targets Dipole

7. 7 ~ 1m Muon Spectrometer MWPC’s Trigger Hodoscopes Toroidal Magnet Iron wall Hadron absorber Target area beam Matching in coordinate and momentum space µ µ origin of muons can be accurately determined Matching in coordinate and momentum space origin of muons can be accurately determined dimuon mass resolution is improved Spectrometer only Spectrometer + telescope J/  ’’  M (J/  ) : 105  70 MeV Matching between the muons and the vertex tracks   Matching in coordinate and momentum space origin of muons can be accurately determined dimuon mass resolution is improved  but matching efficiency is only 70% (at the  )

8. 8 6500 A no matching J/  production in indium-indium collisions A multi-step fit is performed: a) M > 4.2 GeV: normalize the DY Background Combinatorial background from  and K decays determined from the measured like-sign pairs preliminary Phase space window: -0.5 < cos  CS < 0.5 and 0.0 < y cms < 1.0 Acceptances: J/  : 12.4 % (6500 A); 13.8 % (4000 A) DY : 13.2 % (6500 A); 14.1 % (4000 A) B µµ  (J/  ) /  (DY 2.9−4.5 ) : 21.3 ± 1.3 (6500 unmatched) 19.0 ± 1.2 (4000 unmatched) Without centrality selection: L = 6.6 fm and N part = 123 nucleons ~ 70 000 J/  events ~ 520 events above M = 4.2 GeV c) 2.9 < M < 4.2 GeV: get the J/  and  ’ yields (with DY & charm fixed) b) 2.2 < M < 2.5 GeV: normalize the charm (with DY fixed) Signal mass shapes from Monte Carlo: PYTHIA with GRV94_LO parton densities GEANT 3.21 for detector simulation reconstructed as the measured data DY J/  ’’ Charm Stricter cuts are needed for the analysis versus centrality: ~ 60% of the events are kept  3 centrality bins

9. 9 Comparison with previous measurements  The J/  is “anomalously” suppressed in indium-indium collision  In-In, S-U and Pb-Pb points do not overlap as a function of L:  the physics behind the “anomalous” J/  suppression does not depend on L  N part seems to be a much better scaling variable preliminary  Studies as a function of energy density and other variables are under way  Number of centrality bins will increase when the “minimum bias analysis” will be available

10. 10 Study of the transverse momentum of the J/  NA50 – Quark Matter 2002 Data rescaled to 158 GeV/c The observed increase of the  p T 2  values has been interpreted in terms of initial-state parton multiple scattering: the number of g-N scatterings grows linearly with L, resulting in a higher  p T 2  for the J/  NA3, NA38 and NA50 studied the transverse momentum distributions of the J/  from p-A up to Pb-Pb collisions. L: length of nuclear matter traversed  p T 2  pp is the value that a cc pair has in absence of any scattering  p T 2  =  p T 2  pp + a gN L

11. 11 p T distribution analysis Analysis versus centrality: ~ 40 000 J/  events  7 centrality bins have been defined For this study, we select dimuons in the mass range [2.9,3.3] GeV The p T distribution is corrected for the acceptance of the experimental apparatus, calculated from Monte-Carlo simulations The  p T 2  value is extracted 6500 A no matching 1/p T  dN/dp T p T (GeV/c)

12. 12 Results on the  p T 2  of the J/   p T 2  =  p T 2  pp + a gN L  p T 2  J/  (GeV/c) 2 L (fm)  Compatible results between NA50 and NA60  The Indium points are well reproduced by the initial-state parton multiple scattering model preliminary

13. 13 Summary and outlook The J/  / DY cross section ratio in Indium-Indium collisions, in 3 centrality bins, shows that the In and Pb patterns overlap reasonably well in N part but not in L Work is on-going to increase the number of centrality bins, deriving the DY reference from the measured minimum bias events, and to study the overlap of the In and Pb patterns using other physics variables (energy density, etc) The of the J/  in In-In follows the pattern defined by the Pb-Pb points as a function of L, reinforcing the interpretation of initial-state parton multiple scattering To understand the production and suppression of charmonium states in heavy-ion collisions, a solid reference baseline from proton-nucleus data is needed. In 2004, NA60 took data with proton beams incident on 7 different nuclear targets: at 400 GeV: to study the impact of  c production on the J/  suppression at 158 GeV: to extract the normal nuclear absorption of the J/  at the energy of the heavy ion data

14. 14 Backup slides

15. 15 Stability checks We changed several steps in the analysis procedure to check the stability of the results: data selection background estimation parameterization of the signal shapes fitting procedure Systematical uncertainties are still under study; should be similar to the statistical errors when no centrality selection is done and smaller in the analysis versus centrality preliminary Matching after muon track matching 6500 A Furthermore, the analysis of the dimuon mass spectra after muon track matching leads to essentially the same numerical values.

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17. 17 p T distribution analysis 6500 A no matching ~ 40 000 J/  events  7 centrality bins have been defined For this study, we select dimuons in the mass range [2.9,3.3] GeV The p T distribution is corrected for the acceptance of the experimental apparatus, calculated from Monte-Carlo simulations  Monte Carlo events have been generated using cos  CS and y distributions which reproduce the acceptance-corrected experimental data Since the different kinematical variables are related, the acceptance in one variable can have a strong dependence on other variables. To take into account these correlations, two methods have been used:  The two methods lead essentially to the same numerical values  Monte Carlo events have been generated with flat p T, cos  CS and y distributions  3-D acceptance matrices

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