2. Frontier War Essay Who fought? What strategies were used? Describe the Red River War (in detail) –What battles occurred –Where –Who –How long did it last –How did it end Discuss the Rio Grande Campaign Who were the Buffalo Soldiers and what did they do? When did the war end? What effect did the Frontier Wars have on the Indians?

3. The Cattle Kingdom By Mr. Todd

4. Longhorns Brought by Spaniards in 1500’s Horns may be 6 ft. wide Run fast 1700’s and 1800’s: –Herds grew –American and Mexican settlers began ranches in South Texas –Longhorns used to start herds

5. Early Texas Ranchers King Ranch is best known Begun by Richard King Became larger than the state of Rhode Island Near Corpus Christi

6. Rise of Cattle Business BEFORE CIVIL WAR –Millions of longhorns in Texas –Sold for only $4 each –Ranchers raised cattle for leather and for tallow, or fat, which was used in candles and soap AFTER CIVIL WAR –Northern cities wanted beef –Price of longhorns rose from $4 to $40 –Northern cities made cattle ranchers more money –Cattle drives began –One trail used was Chisolm Trail to Abilene, Kansas

7. Famous Women Ranchers Margarita Villareal Florencia Bonavide Paula Rodriguez, Lizzie Johnson Williams Margaret Heferman Borland Could own land, but could not vote!!

8. Cowhands/Cowboys Drove the cattle north 1/4 were Mexican or African American Began with spring roundup - cattle branded Long drive began - took about three months Moved cattle 15 miles a day Leader was trail boss Had to be ready for stampedes

9. End of the Cattle Kingdom The end began when farmers began sharing the plain and fencing their land. Ranchers began fencing their land, too. Fences: –Before 1870 - rocks or wood –1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed wire - a twisted wire with sharp points –Led to fighting –Made long drives harder Drives ended when railroads were built into Texas

10. QUIZ PowerPoint Quiz Write the answers on a clean sheet of paper.

11. PowerPoint Quiz In what century were cattle introduced to Texas? Name one famous Texas Ranch. (hint: larger than Rhode Island) What is the name for a Spanish cowboy?

12. PowerPoint Quiz Why were the cattle herded to the north? Who invented barbed wire? What do you call the leader of the cattle drive?

13. PowerPoint Quiz Before barbed wire, how did ranchers corral the cattle? Name one woman cattle rancher? Could women own land? What happened to end cattle drives?