1. Epidemiology BIO220 – Introductory Microbiology Copyright 2009, John Ireland

2. Key Concepts A Brief History Branches of Epidemiology Emerging Infectious Disease The Story of HIV Copyright 2009, John Ireland

4. John Snow Copyright 2009, John Ireland With regard to the deaths occurring in the locality belonging to the pump, there were 61 instances in which I was informed that the deceased persons used to drink the pump water from Broad Street, either constantly or occasionally... John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette

5. Copyright 2009, John Ireland The Ghost Map

6. John Snow Copyright 2009, John Ireland I had an interview with the Board of Guardians of St James's parish, on the evening of the 7th inst [Sept 7], and represented the above circumstances to them. In consequence of what I said, the handle of the pump was removed on the following day. John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette

7. Copyright 2009, John Ireland

8. Florence Nightingale Copyright 2009, John Ireland It may seem a strange principle to enunciate as the very first requirement in a hospital that it should do the sick no harm. Florence Nightingale

9. Copyright 2009, John Ireland

10. Branches of Epidemiology Copyright 2009, John Ireland DescriptiveAnalyticalExperimental

11. Emerging Infectious Diseases Copyright 2009, John Ireland EID Microbial Evolution Human SusceptibilityHuman Conflict Economic Development Climate Change

12. EID in the United States Copyright 2009, John Ireland MDR Tuberculosis West Nile Virus Cryptosporidium Hantavirus HIV/AIDS

13. EID Worldwide Copyright 2009, John Ireland Prion Disease Lyme Disease SARS H5N1 Nipah HIV Ebola Lyssa Virus

14. Selected Reported Diseases VISA/VRSA (Staphylococcus aureus) Orthopox Viruses (Smallpox, Monkeypox) Coxiella burnetii Clostridium tetani Shigella species Cryptococcus neoformans Influenza (normal or avian) Michigan Department of Community Health, 2009 Copyright 2009, John Ireland

15. Case Study – HIV/AIDS Copyright 2009, John Ireland "When it began turning up in children and transfusion recipients, that was a turning point in terms of public perception. Up until then it was entirely a gay epidemic, and it was easy for the average person to say 'So what?' Now everyone could relate.“ Harold Jaffe – CDC 1982

16. First Signs Copyright 2009, John Ireland "A doctor was treating a gay man in his 20s who had pneumonia. Two weeks later, he called to ask for a refill of a rare drug that I handled. This was unusual - nobody ever asked for a refill. Patients usually were cured in one 10-day treatment or they died" - Sandra Ford

17. Isolation Copyright 2009, John Ireland "I believe we have the cause of AIDS.“ Dr. Mason (CDC) 4/22/84 Discussing the work of Dr. Montagnier in 1983 who would later receive the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine

18. Origin and Genetics Copyright 2009, John Ireland Greater than 70% of some African countries consume bushmeat on a regular basis. 23 rd Regional Conference for Africa, 2004

19. Outlook in the Beginning Copyright 2009, John Ireland "We hope to have a vaccine [against AIDS] ready for testing in about two years.“ “…yet another terrible disease is about to yield to patience, persistence and outright genius“ HHS Secretary Margret Heckler Announcement on AIDS 4/23/84

20. Outlook Now Copyright 2009, John Ireland