1. CMSC 341 – Data Structures Spring 2012 University of Maryland, Baltimore County ANT, CVS and CVS Utilities Slides prepared by Prajit Kumar Das – Summarized from older CMSC 341 slides provided by Dr. Yun Peng

2. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 2 Packages A file may belong to only one package. Packages serve as a namespace in Java and create a directory hierarchy when compiled. Classes are placed in a package using the following syntax in the first line that is not a comment. package packagename; package packagename.subpackagename;

3. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 3 Packages (cont.) It is common practice to duplicate the package directory hierarchy in a directory named src and to compile to a directory named bin. Create this directory manually in your GL account – Eclipse creates this directory structure for you Project1 proj1 src bin Example.java Example.class Package name Root of project directory tree Package name

4. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 4 Compiling with packages When using the Unix command line, classes in a package are compiled using the –d option. Given the directory structure on the previous slide, run the command below from the src directory to compile the code from the Project1/src directory to the Project1/bin directory. The -d switch tells the compiler where to place the.class file The bin directory must exist before compiling. The compiler will create the proj1 directory under bin. javac –d../bin proj1/Example.java

5. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 5 Packages and Eclipse By default Eclipse automatically creates a src/ directory when you create a new Java Project Eclipse will then automatically create a bin/ directory and associated package directory hierarchy when it compiles your Java classes – Note: the bin/ directory tree is hidden by Eclipse when in the Java perspective, but you can see it if viewing the file system.

6. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 6 What is Ant? Ant is a Java based tool for automating the build process Platform independent commands (works on Windows, Mac & Unix) XML based format Easily extendable using Java classes Ant is an open source (free) Apache project Ant files used in this course require the package directory structure described earlier Ant files used in this course require the package directory structure described earlier

7. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 7 Anatomy of a Build File Ant’s build files are written in XML  Convention is to call file build.xml Each build file contains  A project  At least 1 target Targets are composed of some number of tasks Build files may also contain properties  Like macros in a make file Comments are within blocks

8. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 8 Projects The project tag is used to define the project to which the ANT file appliesproject tag Projects tags typically contain 3 attributes  name – a logical name for the project  default – the default target to execute  basedir – the base directory relative to which all operations are performed Additionally, a description for the project can be specified from within the project tag

9. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 9 Project tag A sample build file for this project Recall that “.” (dot) refers to the current directory

10. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 10 Properties Build files may contain constants (known as properties) to assign a value to a variable which can then be used throughout the project  Makes maintaining large build files more manageable and easily changeable Projects can have a set of properties Property tags consist of a name/value pair Property tags  Use the property names throughout the build file  The value is substituted for the name when the build file is “executed”

11. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 11 Build File with Properties A sample build file for this project

12. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 12 Tasks A task represents an action that needs execution Tasks have a variable number of attributes which are task dependant There are a number of built-in tasks, most of which are things which you would typically do as part of a build process  mkdir - create a directory  javac - compile java source code  java - execute a Java.class file  javadoc - run the javadoc tool over some files  And many, many others… For a full list see: http://ant.apache.org/manual/tasksoverview.htmlhttp://ant.apache.org/manual/tasksoverview.html

13. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 13 Targets The target tag has the following required attributetarget tag  name – the logical name for a target Targets may also have optional attributes such as  depends – a list of other target names for which this task is dependant upon, the specified task(s) get executed first  description – a description of what a target does Targets in Ant can depend on some number of other targets  For example, we might have a target to create a jarfile, which first depends upon another target to compile the code  Targets contain a list of tasks to be executed

14. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 14 Build File with Targets

15. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 15 Initialization Target & Tasks Our initialization target creates the build and documentation directories  The mkdir task creates a directorymkdir......

16. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 16 Compilation Target & Tasks Our compilation target will compile all java files in the source directory  The javac task compiles sources into classesjavac  Note the dependence on the init task......

17. July 2011 CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 17 Run Target & Tasks Our run target will execute main in the fully specified class  Typically dependent on the compile task......

18. July 2011CMSC 341 CVS/Ant 18 Running Ant – Command Line Move into the directory which contains the build.xml file Type ant followed by the name of a target unix> ant run unix> ant compile Type ant at the unix prompt to run the project’s default target -- see screen shot on next page unix> ant

19. CVS Command The general form of CVS commands is: – All CVS commands start out with “cvs” – Commands may also have flags and/or arguments which modify their behavior For a more help… – General help: cvs --help – List of commands: cvs --help-commands 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34119 cvs [cvs-options] command [command-options-and-arguments]

20. Basic commands checkout : Pull resources from the repository and create a working copy add : place a resource under version control update : Pull down changes from the repository into your working copy commit: Check files into the repository 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34120

21. Command-line using Putty Steps to be followed ◦ Log in using Putty ◦ Edit the.cshrc file : Add alias javac usr/local/bin/javac 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34121

22. Command-line using Putty Step 1: cd  changes your working directory to home directory Step 2: cvs -d /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/cs341s12/Proj0 checkout -d MyProj0 your_username 9/12/201522UMBC CMSC 341

23. Command-line using Putty Step 3: cd MyProj0  Change to your project directory Step 4 : mkdir src Step 5: cd src Step 6: Create a java file called Proj0.java and type in a simple java code. Let the package name be ‘firstproject’. Save the file in the src folder. 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34123

24. Step 9: Edit build.xml 9/12/201524UMBC CMSC 341

25. Command-line using Putty Step 10: Compile the code using ant compile Step 11: Run the code using ant run 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34125

26. Command-line using Putty Step 12 : Add files to the repository: ◦ Step 12.1 cvs add build.xml ◦ Step 12.2 cvs add src/ ◦ Step 12.3 cd src ◦ Step 12.4 cvs add Proj0.java ◦ Step 12.5 cvs commit –m ‘some text’ 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34126

27. Command-line using Putty Step 13: Check if Proj0.java is added to the repository ◦ Go to src folder in MyProj0 ◦ Remove Proj0.java ◦ Run ‘cvs update’ ◦ You should get back Proj0.java from the repository 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34127

28. Eclipse Eclipse has a built-in perspective for CVS ◦ All of the developer downloads come with it pre-installed (The following directions are for the Eclipse Ganymede Eclipse IDE for Java Developer release)

29. Eclipse – CVS Perspective To open the CVS repository perspective select Window  Open Perspective  Other…

30. Eclipse – CVS Perspective Select CVS Repository Exploring

31. Eclipse – Adding a Repository To add a repository, right click on the CVS Repositories pane and select New  Repository Location…

32. Eclipse – Connection Settings Type in the parameters to connect to the remote repository For example… ◦ Host: linux.gl.umbc.edu ◦ Repository Path: /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/cs341s12/Proj0/ ◦ User: Your GL/myUMBC username ◦ Password: Your GL/myUMBC password ◦ Connection type: extssh Save the password if you wish

33. Eclipse – Connection Settings

34. Eclipse – Viewing Repositories You should now see the repository under the CVS Repositories Pane

35. Eclipse – Checking Out Expand the repository, expand HEAD, select your module (username) then right click and choose Check Out As…

36. Eclipse – Checking Out (continued) Be sure to use the New Project Wizard, click Finish…

37. Eclipse – Checking Out (continued) Select to check out the module as a Java Project

38. Eclipse – Checking Out (continued) Name the project and click Finish…

39. Eclipse – Checked Out Code Switch back to the Java Perspective and you will see the module checked out as a project ◦ Note the little orange cylinders – that indicates that it’s under version control

40. Eclipse – New Resources Just like with the command line, items that are not know to be under CVS control are marked with a “?” symbol –Such as the Eclipse generated src folder

41. Eclipse – Synchronizing To commit to or update from the repository, right click on the project and choose Team  Synchronize with Repository

42. Eclipse – Committing Resources Here we see an outgoing arrow indicating that this needs to be pushed to the repository ◦ Commits and updates can be performed by right clicking

43. Eclipse – Synchronized If all is in sync, you should see the “No Changes” dialog as shown below…

44. CVS Utilities - Setup The CVS utilities are located in the directory: /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/341/bin/ To use the commands you may specify the complete pathname. linux1[4]% /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/341/bin/the-command Or, you may change your Unix PATH to include that directory by editing your.cshrc file found in your home directory (notice the leading "dot".) In your favorite editor, add the following line somewhere near the bottom of your file. set path = ( $path /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/341/bin ) The next time you login, the directory which contain the utilities will be searched when these commands are executed. You can verify the change to your PATH using the following command. You should see the directory at the end of the your path. linux1[5]% echo $PATH If you choose to edit your.cshrc file, do so with extreme care. The smallest mistake can have dire consequences. 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34144

45. cvsbuild utility allows you to checkout and build your submission thus verifying your submission. Run this command from the same directory you originally ran cvs checkout from cvsbuild command has one argument: path to the CVS repository for the project linux2[2]% cvsbuild /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/cs341s12/Proj0/ CVS Utilities - cvsbuild 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34145

46. CVS Utilities - cvsbuild Running this script will attempt to checkout your code into a directory called -cvs-checkout. If submission is done correctly, you should see the BUILD SUCCESSFUL message as shown above. If the message does not come up, something is either missing from your submission or files are not submitted correctly. Every change in the repository should be followed by a to re-run of this command. Re-running the script, will notify you that it needs to remove the contents of the exiting folder if it does exist, in order to perform the checkout/build. If you wish to avoid the prompt on subsequent runs of the cvsbuild command, simply add a -y flag on the command line (e.g. cvsbuild -y /path/to/repository). 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34146

47. CVS Utilities - cvsrun The cvsrun utility allows you to test your program like the graders do. First check-out and build your code using cvsbuild. The cvsrun command can take command line arguments for your main For example… linux2[3]% cvsrun arg1 arg2 arg3 Buildfile: build.xml run: [java] Hello World! [java] args: [java] arg1 [java] arg2 [java] arg3 BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 0 seconds linux2[4]% If all goes well, you should see your project run with the arguments you've provided. If you get an “Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError” error the likely cause is that your main.class property value doesn't point to a valid class (either the name is wrong, or its location doesn't match its package hierarchy). Once you're satisfied you can safely remove the -cvs-checkout directory created by cvsbuild and used by cvsrun. 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34147

48. CVS Utilities - cvsreset Sometimes you might experience issues with your CVS repository. If you're running into problems that you believe to be an issue with your repository you may reset it to the initial state for a given project. The effects of the cvsreset are irreversible! Running this command will delete everything you've submitted via CVS for a given project. Ensure that you have a local copy of your source code before running this command. Once ensured you may reset the repository like shown below:- linux2[4]% cvsreset /afs/umbc.edu/users/f/r/frey/pub/cs341f11/Proj0 This script will reset your CVS repository to its original condition. This operation is irreversible - anything submitted will be removed. Ensure that you have a local copy of your code before continuing. Enter "y" to continue or "n" to exit: y Resetting CVS repository ------------------------ Done linux2[5]% 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34148

49. CVS Utilities - cvsreset Complete the process with the following steps:- 1. From the parent directory of your project directory, check out your project into a new project directory. 2. Recreate your directory structure and copy your saved files to the new project directory. 3. Rerun the cvs add and cvs commit commands for your directories and files in your new project. 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34149

50. Thank you! 9/12/2015UMBC CMSC 34150