1. Physiological Integration in Organismal Biology Hannah V. Carey, Ph.D. Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine Past-President, American Physiological Society Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2010 Annual Meeting, January, 2009 Grand Challenges in Biology

2. Molecules DNA ProteinLipids Cells The Physiology Bottleneck Populations Communities Ecosystems Tissues Organs Animals Data collection/synthesis Facilities Training Opportunities from Terrie Williams

3. Physiological Research, Integration, Synthesis and Modeling (PRISM) March, 2007 Supported by NSF and APS National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Santa Barbara, CA

4. Promote integration of physiology into research and management decisions that address organismal responses to environmental change and the maintenance of biodiversity. Support educational efforts that ensure the transfer of physiological knowledge, including field and in vivo techniques, to future generations of basic and applied scientists. PRISM

5. National Network for Physiological Research, Integration, Synthesis and Modeling Basic Academic Departments Genomics Research Centers Biomedicine Centers Human & Veterinary PRISM ResearchTrainingPolicyPublic Awareness Conservation Centers/Zoos/Field Stations Terrie Williams, UC-Santa Cruz, Hannah Carey, UW-Madison PRISM Working Group

6. Increase awareness within the scientific community and the general public of the role of physiology in organismal adaptation to environment, to conservation biology and ecosystem management, and the connection to human health Support educational efforts in whole animal physiology, field physiology and integration of physiology from gene to environment Development of web tools: Physiological Research, Integration, Synthesis and Modeling APS Contributions to Grand Challenges

7. Enhance awareness of the role of physiology in conservation biology and ecosystem management, and the connection to human health Conferences Publications Communications Press Releases, Life Lines Podcasts, ScienceBlogs November/December 2008 Predicting Extinction: Investigating the Interface of Physiology, Ecology, and Climate Change Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

8. Support educational efforts in whole animal (in vivo) physiology, field physiology and integration of physiology from gene to environment: Training programs in ecological and conservation physiology, focusing on techniques in whole organism and field physiology Field stations that support research and training in field and organismal physiology Research laboratories that provide training opportunities in field-based physiology, ecological, and conservation physiology Knowledge transfer: programs to harness knowledge of “experienced” physiologists to transfer concepts and techniques in field physiology to next generation of scientists

9. Support development of web-based tools for PRISM Information exchange Physiology databases Publications, reports, white papers, funding opportunities Link with other societies including the international physiology community Network of research centers dedicated to addressing conservation and global environmental issues focusing on physiological integration.

10. Macrophysiology for a changing world Steven L. Chown, Kevin J. Gaston Proceedings of the Royal Society B (2008) 275, 1469–1478 Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Republic of South Africa Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield

11. Animal Human Physiology Ecosystem An Integrated View of Global Health

12. May, 2008 Oxford University Press Center for Health and the Global Environment U.N. Environment Programme U.N. Development Programme Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Conservation Union Harvard Medical School

13.  Medicines from natural sources  Ecosystem services  Biodiversity and world food production Biodiversity and Human Health Chivian and Bernstein 2008  Biodiversity and infectious diseases  Biodiversity and biomedical research

15. Role of environment in balancing host susceptibility and pathogen infectivity Adapted from Sherman, 2002 Host Pathogen Prevailing Environmental Conditions Physiological resilience Physiological tolerances

16. The Conservation Physiology Toolbox Endocrine physiology Nutrition and digestive physiology Metabolism/Energetics Water Balance Thermoregulation Immunophysiology Approaches Plasma and fecal steroid monitoring Biotelemetry Stable isotope techniques Immune status testing Thermoregulation Techniques Cell physiology: Osmoregulation, ion channel function, membrane transport Upcoming: Physiological genomics, proteomics, metabolomics