1. Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties
Introduction
Anonymity
Security
Privacy
Ethical and Social Issues
Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza

2. Introduction The danger for misuse is real
Information has increased in value
Information can also be a liability
The demand for information is high due to:
High digitalization of info & increasing bandwidth.
Declining costs of digital communication.
Increased miniaturization
Portable computers
Other communications equipment.
Greater public awareness
The danger for misuse is real

3. Anonymity Absence of identity There are three types of identity:
Pseudo – know by a pseudo-name
Untraceable – no name association
Anonymity with a pseudo address
No name association
Address association
Anonymity on the Internet
Anonymous servers
Anonymous users
There is no 100% anonymity on the internet

4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Anonymity
Used by or as a form of whistle-blowing
National security
Prevent intimidation and fear of reprisal
Security of individuals
Disadvantages
Criminals
Dispute resolution
Circumventing the law
Cyber-stalking

5. Security Means to prevent unauthorized access Consists of:
Confidentiality - to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information to third parties.
Integrity - to prevent unauthorized modification of files and maintain the status quo
Availability -: to prevent unauthorized withholding of information from those who need it when they need it.

6. Security… Physical security – guaranteed by: Physical Access Controls
Deterrence
Prevention
Detection
Response
Physical Access Controls
Authenticate the user
Information Security Controls
Cryptography
Authentication
Audit
Operational
Policies and guidelines

7. Privacy Human value Consists of: Right to control external influences
Solitude - right to be alone
Anonymity – right to have no public identity
Intimacy – right not to be monitored
Right to control personal information:
Reserve – right to control one’s information

8. Types of Privacy Personal Privacy Informational Privacy
Personal space
Physical searches
Video recording
Surveillance
Informational Privacy
Personal information
Financial information
Medical information
Internet
Institutional Privacy

9. Value of Privacy Considered valuable
Value eroding because inability to guarantee
Three attributes
Personal identity
Autonomy
Social Relationships
Information gathering
Buying and selling information
We provide some of this information
Internet crawlers

10. Privacy Violations Intrusion – wrongful entry, seizing or acquiring
Misuse of Information – selling of our information
Interception of Information – eavesdropping
Surveillance
Information Matching

11. Ways We Give Out Information
Rewards or Loyalty Programs
Body Scanners
Digital Video Recorders
Automobile “Black Boxes”
Enhanced 911 Service
RFIDs
Implanted Chips
Medical information
Replace credit cards
Cookies
Biometrics
Spyware

12. Privacy Protection and Civil Liberties
Most accepted set of civil liberties
Criminal Justice
Police powers
Person liberty
Right to fair trail
Basic freedoms
Speech
Assembly
Association
Movement
No Discrimination
Freedom of information
Communications and privacy

13. Privacy Protection and Civil Liberties
Safeguards
Technical
Use of software and technical safeguards
Contractual
Contacts
Special information – publications
Must have actions and enforcement to be effective
Legal
Laws
Enforcement of the laws