1. COS Standard 8
Compare major events in Alabama from 1781 to 1823, including statehood as part of the expanding nation, acquisition of land, settlement, and the Creek War, to those of the developing nation.

2. Alabama in the American Revolution
Alabama remained loyalist.
Because Alabama was loyalist, Spain attacked Mobile and took it over.
They kept the territory as part of the Treaty of Paris 1783.
Spain made Mobile part of Spanish Florida.

3. Disputes over Alabama
The land directly above Mobile was quickly claimed by Georgia.
Creeks lived there.
The Creek Indians gave some land to Georgia, but later reconsidered there offer.
Spain and England are both fighting over the Creeks loyalty.

4. Alabama’s border
In Pinckney’s Treaty, between Spain and the US, the border dispute was settled. (Treaty of San Lorenzo)
31° North Latitude: US gets bulk of land. Spain gets Mobile.
In 1798, the Mississippi Territory is made.
By 1802, Georgia has no claim to Alabama.
In 1800, Spain gives Louisiana to France.
In 1803, France sells Louisiana to the US for $15 million.
America should get Mobile. Spain disagrees.
Native America groups gave up land to US.
Result: People flood into Alabama.

5. US and Britain affects Alabama
Before War of 1812: because of tensions between US and Britain, Native Americans take advantage of disputes.
Tecumseh: Native Americans unite against Americans.
Some Native American groups in Alabama are not convinced of Tecumseh’s rebellion.
Creeks divided: Red Stick: fought with Tecumseh; White Stick: fought with Americans
With rumors circulating about Britain helping the Native Americans and starting attacks, Americans were outraged and took action.
William Henry Harrison fought Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Tecumseh flees to British held Canada.

6. US and Britain affects Alabama continued
During the War of 1812: In 1813, the Red Stick Creeks launch attacks.
Red Stick Creeks overrun White Stick Creeks.
Burnt Corn Creek: US militia fight Red Stick Creeks. Militia retreats.
Massacre at Fort Mims: Red Stick Creeks enter fort and kill several hundred settlers.
News travels to TN: Andrew Jackson is sent to take care of Native Americans.
Jackson sets up Fort Deposit and Fort Strother as supply forts.
He fights and wears down the Red Stick Creek.

7. US and Britain affects Alabama continued
Red Sticks unite and fortify at the strategic point that is shaped like a horse shoe bend.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Tallapoosa River):
Jackson takes on the Red Stick Creek. Others wait back at the river to halt the Red Stick Creek retreat.
800 Red Stick are killed. Less than 50 of Jackson’s men are killed.
Victory for Jackson and US.
Crushed Red Stick Creeks in Alabama.

8. End of Fighting Treaty of Fort Jackson ended the fighting in Alabama.
No distinction between friendly or hostile Red Stick Creek, but force all Creeks to turn over land in Alabama.
Result: half of Alabama opens for White Settlement
War of 1812: Allows for US to take Mobile from the Spanish.

9. Why Alabama? Rich soil, cheap land: Cotton
1817: Need to split Mississippi territory because enough people lived there to make it a state
By 1818, Alabama had enough people for it to become a state.
December 14, 1819: Alabama becomes a slave state (22nd).
Central part of Alabama best for growing cotton: “The Black Belt”
Native American and Alabamian tensions rise.

10. Indian Removal Act Relocate Native American groups to Oklahoma
Choctaw: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek: 1st to give up land
1832: Creek: Treaty of Cusseta
Cherokee: Fought removal in the US Supreme Court: Jackson refuses to uphold the courts decision and moves Cherokee.