1. Native Americans
In the West:
The Last Stand

2. Native American Lands

3. Federal Indian Policies
Killing of the Buffalo
Policy of Concentration
reservation system (confinement)
settlers had free passage through reservations
Why it Failed
buffalo herds did not stay on reservation
discovery of gold on Indian land

4. Santee Sioux Massacre 1862 Santee Sioux v. Minnesota Settlers
Andrew Myrick “Let them eat grass”
over 400 settlers killed
303 Sioux sentenced to be hanged
only 38 were actually executed, the rest were pardoned by President Lincoln

5. Sand Creek November 28, 1864 Chief Black Kettle and Cheyenne
Colonel Chivington and US Army
over 450 Cheyenne killed
Mystery of History – considered a massacre

6. Sand Creek

7. Sioux Wars 1862-1876 Chief Red Cloud and Chief Sitting Bull
Black Hills of South Dakota
Technology led to defeat
telegraph, railroad, six-shot Colt revolver, machine guns, Buffalo Soldiers

8. Battle of Little Big Horn (a.k.a. Custer’s Last Stand)
June 1876
Sioux v. General Custer and the US Army
Little Big Horn River (Greasy Grass)
Chief Sitting Bull
Crazy Horse
Huge Sioux Victory
Last Native American victory ever

10. Dawes Act Goal - To Americanize the Natives
Native America peoples should be assimilated into white culture
End to traditional native lifestyles
Method/Plan
reservation lands broken into plots of land given to individuals
taxes paid on land supported white Christian schools and all children had to attend these schools
Native Americans who accepted this could become citizens and be protected by law, if not - no protection
reservation land ratio - 47 million acres went to Native Americans, 90 million acres went to white settlers

11. Ghost Dance Wovoka, a Paiute
Blend of Paiute Religions and Christianity
1880s
New world order
return of the buffalo
resurrection of slain native peoples
peaceful North America void of all whites
Last attempt to keep hope alive
Scared US Army who thought this was a military movement

12. Ghost Dance

13. Wounded Knee 1890 Chief Big Foot, Sioux Wounded Knee Reservation
US Army tried to “disarm” the tribe
A deaf Sioux man accidentally shot off a rifle
Army opened fire on the Sioux killing over 95% of the Sioux band

14. The soldiers opened fire -- with rifles, revolvers, and finally, the cannon that hurled exploding shells into the tipis. The Lakotas did their best to fight back. When the shooting finally stopped, some 250 men, women and children were dead.