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The Psychology of Sex Hunger responds to a need. If we do not eat, we die. In that sense, sex is not a need because if we do not have sex, we do not die.
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3 Sexual Orientation: Biology
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Social Motives: Achievement and Affiliation
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Achievement Motivation The need to excel, to overcome obstacles, outperform others Studied by David McClelland Correlated with: Life satisfaction Success in life Quality of life Parental support for achievement is correlated with achievement motivation in children
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Characteristics of High Achievers Insist on excellent performance in every task they undertake Prefer very clear feedback Grades, GPA Workforce? Fast learners Self-confident Willing to take on new responsibilities Do not succumb to social pressures Enjoy opportunities to develop new strategies for tasks
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What kind of tasks do high achievers prefer? Moderately difficult tasks Why? Success is attainable and attributable to their skill and effort What about people low in achievement motivation? Prefer very easy or very difficult tasks Failure is unlikely or not embarrassing
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Affiliation Motive The need to be with others Good times or bad times Company of others can be stress reducing Why? Sometimes they can provide information Punishment is often in the form of social isolation Solitary Confinement “Time outs” Why?
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Evolutionary Standpoint Social bonds helped our ancestors survive Child-rearing Those who formed attachments were more likely to reproduce Survival was enhanced by cooperation Combat Hunting and gathering Loneliness evolved to warn human beings that they were facing a threat to their survival and that their social connections were in need of repair
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Individual Differences We differ in the amount of social connection we desire Some argue we have a set point for social activity (similar to our set point for weight) When a gap exists between our actual social connectivity and that which we desire, we experience loneliness
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