1. HOW DID AMERICANS GET TO THIS POINT? Important Events of July 1863:

2. July 1 - 3 Battle of Gettysburg General Robert E. Lee advances into Pennsylvania where he meets George Meade [US]. First battling north of the city, by the second day Union forces had retreated south, forming a strong line as men arrived almost continuously. On the third day, the infamous Pickett's Charge marked the end of the Confederates hope for a victory Cemetery HillCornfieldDevil’s Den Pickett’s Charge

3. July 3 Surrender of Vicksburg John Pemberton, commander of Confederate forces at Vicksburg asks Ulysses S. Grant for terms. Grant demands an unconditional surrender. Pemberton refuses. Late in the evening, Grant offers excellent terms and Pemberton accepts. Bunkers at Vicksburg

4. Ironclads at Vicksburg

5. July 13-16 Draft Riots in New York City Four days of violence in New York City to protest the inequities of American Civil War conscription. The law permitted draftees to buy their way out of army service for $300, a sum relatively few men could afford. When the drawing of names began on July 11, mobs of Irish and other foreign-born workers surged into the streets, burning draft headquarters and other buildings, and assaulting blacks, who they had feared would take their jobs. About 100 people (mostly rioters) died.American Civil War

6. Draft Riots

7. July 18 Attack on Battery Wagner by Massachusetts 54 th Regiment

8. July 30 On this date in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued what was called an "eye-for-eye" order, warning the Confederacy that Union soldiers would shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot. It also would condemn a rebel prisoner to a life of hard labor for every black prisoner sold into slavery. The order had a slight "restraining" influence on the Confederate government's voiced policy, but individual commanders and soldiers continued to murder captured black soldiers.

9. July 1863 Women’s Rights Convention works to abolish slavery and to gain the right to vote for freed black men, even though women of all colors cannot: Vote Run for political office Own property in most states Divorce their husbands Get a college education at a public university

10. July 30 Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah. Oregon and Mormon Trails