1. P 194 1 Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA) Duisburg Conducting Pan-European Studies on Air Quality and Health The Superregion-Concept T.A.J. Kuhlbusch APHEIS-Meeting Ispra, Italy, 6 th -7 th June 2006

2. P 194 2 Background Preparatory work Towards European Air Quality Health Effect Monitoring EURAQHEM Report to DG ENV T. Kuhlbusch, A. John, A. Hugo (IUTA e.V., Germany) A. Peters, S. von Klot, J. Cyrys, H.-E. Wichmann, (GSF, Germany) U. Quass (Müller BBM GmbH, Germany) P. Bruckmann, (LUA-NRW, Germany)

3. P 194 3 Background Information, and ideas stemming from discussions during e.g. the COST 633 PM and Health – Conference are also included. International Workshop Similarities and Differences in Airborne Particulate Matter: Exposure and Health Effects over Europe April 3 to 5, 2006, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

4. P 194 4 IAM - Tool

5. P 194 5 Background Current Directions - Air quality is the major environmental health related issue currently - actions / measures are already on their way / are currently discussed to improve / change air quality  Several major tasks / questions arise which can not be tackled with routine work!

6. P 194 6 * Source: Kuhlbusch et al., 2006, Report to DG ENV *

7. P 194 7 In the flow of molecules from emission to target organ Exposure is the interface between man and the environment Here: Amient Air Quality adapted from Matti Jantunen Exposure

8. P 194 8 Tasks Only examples will be given!! Nothing is complete! Health status monitoring - temporal / spatial records of public health status / hospital admission etc. (APHEIS) - always differentiate superregion and EU Air quality monitoring - What shall be monitored where, when, and how often? - Spatial / areal representativeness - Trends? - Concentration mapping? - Indoor / outdoor? 

9. P 194 9 Tasks (personal) Exposure - measurement / modelling? - socio-economic influences? - genetic predeposition? - sources leading to exposure? Source mapping? Epidemiology - concentration / exposure – reponse – functions - update of these functions? Endpoints? - multi-exposure, e.g. noise/air pollutants? - long-term / short-term effects?

10. P 194 10 Tasks Toxicology Health Impact Assessment -European wide comparability! Integrated Assessment Modelling GIS based data acquisition and coordination

11. P 194 11 All this covers areas from policy tools, applied research to basic research. is interdisciplinary. Some of it is of importance of the Pan-European perspective, e.g. - climate - genetic differences - socio-economic influences  A coordinated interdisciplinary approach is needed!

12. P 194 12 EURAQHEM-Concept Air quality monitoring (routine) Air quality monitoring (routine) Summary and prognosis of AQ-Data Summary, conc. mapping modelling exposure Health Impact Assessment Update exposure- response functions Update exposure- response functions Health status monitoring (routine) Health status monitoring (routine) Super- regions Super- regions Toxicological research Toxicological research Epidemiologi- cal research Air quality research Air quality, exposure research “more“ research based applied and basic research!

13. P 194 13 Superregions - are open platforms for applied and basic research - should cover populated polluted areas as well as nearby rural areas of similar climatic and socio- economic background - should be distributed over Europe covering e.g. the climatic, socio-economic, pollution variability over Europe

14. P 194 14 Superregions

15. P 194 15 Superregions - are open platforms for applied and basic research - should cover populated polluted areas as well as nearby rural areas of similar climatic and socio- economic background - should be distributed over Europe covering e.g. the climatic, socio-economic, pollution variability over Europe - should be open to other exposures as well, e.g. noise, water.. - shall be integrated into the general and long-term planning within ‘Environment and Health’ (DG ENV, Scott Brockett)

16. P 194 16 Superregions - shall be set up for at least 7 years to allow e.g. trend studies - Shall be open to super site activity and long-term epidemilogical studies - …..

17. P 194 17 Financial Issues - first rough estimate for basic running costs for one superregion 2 million €/year plus set up costs - plus costs for applied and basic research per year - financing suggested to be split into three budgets basics, applied research and basic reasearch - basic funding for e.g. air quality monitoring, emission inventories, health status monitoring, data compilation (some of this partially covered by AQ-Networks, EUROSTAT, EPA…) by ????? ESFRI???, national bodies

18. P 194 18 Financial Issues - applied research, e.g. effects of actions, trends, source contribution mapping by the corresponding DG, national bodies - basic research, e.g. long-term effects, source related effects, exposure assessment, indoor/outdoor, other PM components NP/UFP, by DG RTD and national bodies

19. P 194 19 To do’s This does not work by itself! Good coordination and coordination teams are necessary! E. g. following is needed - a time line - general funding - selection criteria for superregions (group) - planning of general issues, e.g. comparability (group) - applied and basic research activities coordination and funding (several groups) e. g. policy issues, applied and basic research AQ+H, other basic and applied research - etc……..