1. Lecture 16: Fertilization Animal Science 434 John J. Parrish

3. Capacitation 1951 Austin - rat Chang - rabbit Fertilization does not occur until several hours after sperm are placed in the uterus or oviduct

4. Chang Experiment - 1951 Ovulation Percent Fertilization After Before

5. Capacitation The changes within sperm that confer upon the sperm the ability to acrosome react in response to the appropriate stimulus. Zona Pellucida Cumulus Cells Follicular Fluid Zona Pellucida Cumulus Cells Follicular Fluid

6. Effect of Capacitation EpididymalEjaculated Seminal Plasma and/or Epididymal Secretions + Capacitated Female Tract +

7. Model of Capacitation DF Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Acrosome

8. DF Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Acrosome GAG

9. Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Acrosome GAG Cholesterol Chol-Acceptor Ca 2+ pH cAMP Activity of Enzymes Activity of Enzymes DF

10. Capacitation No change in sperm morphology Motility change –hyperactivation cAMP Power output cAMP Power output

11. The Acrosome Reaction Plasma Membrane Acrosome Fused Plasma Membrane and Outer Acrosomal Membrane Fused Plasma Membrane and Outer Acrosomal Membrane Nucleus Acrosin Hyaluronidase Acrosin Hyaluronidase

12. Modification of the Equitorial Region Modification of the Equitorial Region

13. The Zona Pellucida

14. Zona PellucidaZona Pellucida ZP 3 Attachment Binding Acrosome Reaction Induction Acrosome Reaction Sperm Interaction with the Zona

15. Zona PellucidaZona Pellucida ZP 2 Secondary Binding Zona Penetration Motility

16. Zona Pellucida

17. Sperm tract through zona pellucida

18. 6-12 hr 18-24 hr

19. Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) Metaphase Promoting Factor MPF Primary Oocyte GV-Intact GVBD Metaphase I PB-1 Secondary OocyteMetaphase II Ovulation LH Surge

20. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

21. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

22. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

23. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

24. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+

25. Calcium Transients During Bovine Fertilization

26. Initiation of Calcium Pulse by Soluble Sperm Component Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ PLC zeta PIP 2 DAG IP 3 Ca 2+ Oocyte

27. Sperm Receptor - Calcium Pulse Initiation Ca ++ ER IP 3 PLC

28. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte MII AII MPF X Ca 2+ Pronuclei TII PBII

29. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte MII AII MPF X Ca 2+ Pronuclei Decondensation Pronuclei Zygote TII PBII

30. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+ Cortical Granules Zona Block to Polyspermy

31. Zona Pellucida Perivitelline Space Oocyte Ca 2+ Cortical Granules Zona Block to Polyspermy

32. 3 Blocks to Polyspermy 1 2 4 Species 1.Mammals 3.Invertebrates Amphibians Fish Rabbits 4.Amphibians Avians