1. Chemistry Chapter 1 Matter and its Characteristics *Chemistry is the science that studies matter and the changes it undergoes. *A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a situation or phenomenon. *Mass is a measurement of the amount of mass in an object, while weight is the measure of the force of gravity on that mass.

2. Chemistry Chapter 1 (section 1 continued) A model is a physical, conceptual, or mathematical explanation or representation of an object or concept. Chemistry can be called the central science because matter and its behavior is central to all other sciences. See Branches of chemistry on page 6. Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Thermochemistry

3. Introduction to Chemistry Section 2 Scientific Methods A scientific method is a systematic approach used in scientific study. Although it has the basic steps of Observations  Hypothesis  Experiment  Conclusions  Theory/Law, it is by no means a static process or simply a one- way road with no repeated or cyclic steps.

4. Introduction to Chemistry Chapter 1 Observations Data is information observed in an experiment. Qualitative data would be information that describes color, shape, appearance, etc… of materials, objects, or reactions. Quantitative data would be information, in numeric form, which describes how big, how many, size, mass, etc… of materials or reactions observed.

5. Introduction to Chemistry Hypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative, testable explanation for observations. A hypothesis is meaningless unless there are data to support it. An experiment is a way to test a hypothesis.

6. Introduction to Chemistry Experiments (Continued) In experiments you have variables that you change and watch variables that respond to the change. Independent variables are those that you plan to change in an experiment. Dependent variables are those that change as a result. Remember DRY MIX … dependent responding variable and (y) manipulated independent variable (x)

7. Introduction to Chemistry A control is used in an experiment as a standard of comparison. A conclusion is a judgment based on observations and information obtained from experiments. After many experiments you may develop a theory, which EXPLAINS your experimental process and observations, and laws that DESCRIBE the experimented process and observations.

8. Introduction to Chemistry Types of Scientific Investigation Section 3 Scientists conduct pure research for the sake of knowledge only…. And applied research to use that knowledge to actually solve real problems.

9. MSDS and SDS MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) are information sources that list physical and chemical information about a mixture or substance and tell about hazards and disposal methods… SDS is an updated (recently) form of MSDS. See the safety symbols on page 17. Read through your safety in the laboratory rules and sign your safety rules page to signify you have read, understand, and agree to follow those rules. Review your labware…you will need to know those pieces of equipment on your quiz and test.

10. Ozone Read the section, in your chapter about ozone and the ozone layer. Ozone is O 3 found in the upper layers of our atmosphere. CFCs and other pollutants have damaged our ozone layer in the past. There are actually ‘holes’ in the ozone layer. These holes have decreased recently due to changes man has made since their discovery.