1. Reduction in losses incurred in power distribution

2. 2 Introduction The key mission of the Distribution function is to purchase and sell electrical and gas power. This is accounted for on a monthly basis through purchases from electricity producers through the electricity conveyance network and sales to two categories of users:  Users, supplied under Medium Voltage (MV) regime and who billed on a monthly basis.  Users, supplied under Low Voltage (LV) regime, who billed on a quarterly basis. The quantities of power procured during a given month are not sold out. As a result, the control of energy losses is a daily challenge to be addressed. Introduction Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Long-term actions Conclusion Synchronous measurements  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

3. 3 Introduction This analysis seeks to: Gather knowledge on the origin of losses; Come up with actions to be taken to ensure reduction in such losses, for:  A better productivity of the distribution network as a whole;  The increase in the billing ratio;  A better control of investment decisions. Introduction Formula for losses Conclusion Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

4. 4 The formula for losses Purchases For MV users For LV users Losses Sales Introduction Formula for losses Losses = Purchases - Sales Losses Rate of losses = Purchases Conclusion Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

5. 5 The formula for losses Introduction Formula for losses Conclusion Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

6. 6 Loss components Technical losses MV technical losses (lines+transformers) (L MV ) LV technical lossess (L LV ) Technical losses to due exchanges (L Transit ) Losses due to the gap between purchases and sales Energy fraud or theft Level of management quality (Lmanagement) Non-technical losses: Loss components Introduction Formula for losses Conclusion Other actions Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

7. 7 Actions to undertake Introduction Formula for losses Enforcement of daily management rules and procedures by the various stakeholders, Monitoring, control and reporting on management actions Actions to be undertaken must revolve around two (2) key thrusts: Conclusion Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

8. 8 Purchase control Sales control Daily actions Short-term actions Perform the monthly adversarial recording of meter readings at the level of MV/LV stations, Read the meter at the upstream MV feeder, Record the inter DD and inter agency exchange points Ensure the smooth functioning of meters; Ensure reliable meter reading; Process reported cases efficiently; Set up anti-fraud brigades; Secure facilities; Process with diligence claims concerning meter-reading /billing. Sum up actions to be undertaken; Facilitate the implementation of the short and medium term action plan; Prioritise actions that help optimise results. Introduction Formula for losses Conclusion Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

9. 9 Introduction Conclusion Synchronous measurement Why synchronous? The reading (PD substations and users) is performed concurrently, that is simultaneously Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

10. 10 Synchronous measurement Introduction Conclusion Splitting Distribution Directorates (DDs) into regions : North, Highlands and South; Splitting DDs into rural or urban localities; Listing the number of substations per DD and determine each DD’s weight ; Determine the number of substations or feeders which will be measured. The implementation strategy involves: Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

11. 11 Synchronous measurement Introduction Conclusion Once the sample determined by the heads of the Distribution Directorate, the reading campaign can be launched. Action 1 Install meters on the outlet of PD substation transformers and consider them as « virtual Medium Voltage users ». One may thus compare the energy recorded by the feeder meter with the sums of energy recorded on the meters for all MV users and potential MV users. Action 2 Install meters on the outlet of PD substation transformers. We will thus be able to find out “the procurement by the substation”. To compare the energy recorded by the meter(s) of the substation with the sum of energy recorded on the meters for all LV users. Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

12. 12 Organisation of synchronous measures HV/MV substation E MV Station PD Substation Joint substation E1E3E4En MV Station E2 Identify the problematic switchyard (the most disrupted) Energy E = ∑ of energies (En)+technical and non-technical MV losses Compute the consumption of these substations for the month (∑En); Feeder 3Feeder 4Feeder 1Feeder 2 List the substations linked to the targeted feeder Install the meter downstream of the MV/LV transformer for at least one month (Winter and Summer time); Perform the first reading on the fist day of the month for all the substations linked to this feeder; Perform the last reading on the last day of the month for all the stations linked to this feeder; Record the index of the totalizing meter (E); Assess the MV losses

13. 13 Synchronous measurements PD substation (MV/LV) E3e1 E3= ∑ ei E3=LV Sales + Losses LV Technical + Losses LV non-technical eie2e4 Feeder 2 Problematic feeder Introduction Conclusion Categorise abnormalities noted (management, fraud, …); Quantify the energy lost per category (using the specific consumption of the sample); Assess the energy to make up for Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability Long-term actions

14. 14 Synchronous measurements Introduction Conclusion SDx DCM DD Commercial Agency Decision-making Work coordination company- wide Supervision of works in the field (1 st entity in charge) Monitoring and collection of data ensuing from the measurement campaign For a successful campaign of synchronous measures conducted within each Distribution company, one should have all the required (human, logistic…) resources. Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

15. 15 Long-term actions Introduction Conclusion Upgrading of the electricity distribution network to:  Ensure the accuracy of measurements (decrease in human interventions through the dematerialization of the reading process);  Identify reading problems (remote surveillance of meters);  Reduce the rate of losses incurred by Distribution Directorates;  Improve services provided to customers;  Control inter-utility, inter-Distribution Directorate and inter- commercial agency exchange flows;  Put in place a measurement system for all public distribution stations;  Develop services provided to customers (reviews and studies) Remote reading MV remote reading LV remote reading Objectives for 2013 Objectives for 2016 Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

16. 16 Long-term actions Introduction Conclusion The active participation in meetings planned by local authorities (town planning, infrastructure and housing development, land selection, etc.…); The holding of meetings with (neighbourhood, professional associations…) and local authorities depending on the problem to be solved (fraud, safety, energy control, etc.…). Other actions An effective action plan requires notably the implementation of a communication plan at the level of each Distribution Directorate and this must translated into: Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability

17. 17 Conclusion Introduction Conclusion The losses of distributed and unaccounted for power can impact the financial profitability of Distribution utilities and service quality. It is relevant therefore to measure on an ongoing basis the indicators identified in the measurement analyses undertaken. Formula for losses Short-term actions Loss components Synchronous measurements Long-term actions  Implementation  Organisation  Means and accountability