1. Supplementary Figures
Supplementary Figure 1. T183 of JNK and WW domain of Pin1 are involved in the interaction.
(a) HEK 293 cells transfected with plasmids as indicated were treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 1 h or left untreated. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were performed. (b) HEK 293 cells were co-transfected with FLAG-tagged Pin1 WT or two deletion mutants of Pin1, WW or PPIase (amino acid residues 1-54 or , respectively) expression plasmids along with the HA-JNK1 plasmid, and exposed to 1 mM H2O2 for 1 h. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were performed. FLAG-tagged Pin1 WW domain was not shown due to its small size. (c) HEK 293 cells were co-transfected with FLAG-tagged Pin1 WT or two point mutants of Pin1 (W34A or C113A) expression plasmids along with the HA-JNK1 plasmid, and exposed to 1 mM H2O2 for 1 h. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were performed.
Supplementary Figure 2. H2O2 has no effect on Pin1 activity.
Pin1-/- MEF cells were transiently transfected with FLAG-only or FLAG-Pin1 expression plasmids and then lysates from H2O2-treated for 1 h or untreated Pin1-/- MEF cells were immunoprecipitated with anti-FLAG beads. The immunoprecipitates were incubated with active JNK1, c-Jun, and [γ-32P] ATP for 10 min at 30°C.
Supplementary Figure 3. (a) Pin1does not interact with TCFb1. After transfection, HEK 293 cells were treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 1 h. Lysates were immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted with appropriate antibodies. (b) JNK1 phosphorylates Ser-232 of TCFb1. Active recombinant JNK1 was incubated with TCFb1 (WT, T242A, or S232/T242A) in 20 µl of kinase reaction buffer. The products of kinase reactions were separated by SDS-PAGE. The gels were dried and exposed to film.
Supplementary Figure 4. The data shown in Figure 4b were quantified as a percentage of phospho-JNK1.

2. Supplementary Figure 5. Pin1-induced JNK1 activity is stable.
GST, GST-Pin1, or GST-Pin1 (C113A) proteins were pulled down with GST beads and then each bead complex was incubated with active JNK1 for 1 h at room temperature. After removal of GST-fusion proteins by centrifugation, the supernatants were subjected to SDS-PAGE and then immunoblotted with antibodies as indicated. The same supernatant samples were also subjected to in vitro kinase assays.
Supplementary Figure 6. Pin1 enhances JNK1/TCFβ1-mediated IL-2 production.
After 16 h stimulation with PMA/ionomycin, supernatants were analyzed for IL-2 production using an ELISA assay. The results presented are representative of three independent experiments. Error bars indicate ±SD. Statistical significance was determined by the Student t test. *P <0.05 and **P <0.01 compared with control (TCFβ1 WT alone). #P <0.05 compared with control (TCFβ1 WT + JNK1).
Supplementary Figure 7. Hypothetical model for the role of Pin1 in JNK1 activation.
The docking domain and the catalytic pocket of inactive JNK1 are depicted by rectangular and skewed triangular indentations, respectively. First, JNK1 is phosphorylated by several stresses, including UV, TNF-α and oxidative stress (H2O2), and partially activated by phosphorylation-induced structural changes in the docking domain and the catalytic pocket. The docking domain and the catalytic pocket of partially active JNK1 are indicated by oval and triangular indentations, respectively. Then, Pin1 binds to the pThr 183-Pro motif of JNK1 and induces subsequent cis-trans isomerization of the peptidyl-prolyl bond in the motif (inset). This isomerization induces further conformational change in the docking domain for substrate binding to become fully active. The docking domain of fully active JNK1 is depicted by pentagonal indentation. The JNK1 recognition site and the phosphoacceptor region of the target substrate are indicated by pentagonal and triangular extrusions, respectively. Double arrows denote up-regulation.

3. Supplementary Figure 1 a b c T183A Y185F lysate IB: HA IB: FLAG
HA-JNK1 WT
Pin1
JNK1
IB: p-JNK
p-JNK1
FLAG-Pin1
H2O2
IP: FLAG b
IP: FLAG
lysate
IB: HA
JNK1
HA-JNK1
FLAG-Pin1 - WT WW
PPIase
IB: FLAG
Pin1 c
IP: FLAG
lysate
IB: HA
JNK1
HA-JNK1
FLAG-Pin1 WT
C113A
IB: FLAG
Pin1
p-JNK1
IB: p-JNK
W34A

4. Supplementary Figure 2 Supplementary Figure 3 a b S232A, T242A T242A
[32P]-c-Jun
FLAG-Pin1
H2O2
Fold:
IB: FLAG
Pin1
IB: tubulin
tubulin
Supplementary Figure 3 a b
lysate
IB: HA
Pin1
c-Jun
IB: FLAG
TCFb1
FLAG-c-Jun
HA-Pin1
FLAG- TCFb1 (WT)
FLAG- TCFb1 (T242A)
IP: FLAG
H2O2
S232A, T242A
T242A WT
JNK kinase assay
[32P]- TCFb1
Coomassie staining
TCFb1

5. Relative p-JNK level (%)
Supplementary Figure 4
Relative p-JNK level (%)
(min)

6. Supplementary Figure 5 supernatant input Pin1 WT Pin1 C113A GST
(min)
[32P]-c-Jun
IB : JNK
IB : GST
Fold
IB : p-JNK
input

7. Supplementary Figure 6 1000 750 IL-2 (pg/ml) 500 250 TCFb1 WT
JNK1
Pin1 WT
TCFb1 (T242A)
TCFb1 (S232A/T242A)
Pin1 (C113A)
Pin1 (W34A)
TCFb1 (S232A)
250
500
750
1000 # ** *

8. conformational change
Supplementary Figure 7
TNF-α, oxidative stress, and UV
Partially active
Inactive
JNK1 P
JNK1
Pin1
JNK1 P
Target
Weak interaction
Pin1
JNK1 P
Isomerization
Pin1
conformational change
and full activation P
JNK1
JNK1
Pin1 P
JNK1
JNK1
Binding affinity
Target
JNK signaling