1. Source: Herman Merivale, British Undersecretary of the Colonies, 1850s
Indentured laborers are not voluntary immigrants in the ordinary sense, led
by spontaneous desire of bettering their condition; they are not slaves,
seized by violence, brought over in fetters, and working under the lash.
They have been raised, not without effort, like recruits for the military service.
Point of View (POV) Mini- Lesson:
point of view explains why this particular person or
organization might have this particular opinion or what
particular feature informs the author’s point of view
students must move beyond mere description of the
individual by considering and explaining the tone,
the characteristics and experiences of the author, the
intended audience and/or how the intended outcome
may have influenced the author’s opinion.
mere attribution is not sufficient. Attribution is copying
or repeating information verbatim from the source line
of the document.

2. Chapter 9: State, Society and the Quest for Salvation in India
Classic Empires?
The Mauryan and Gupta Empires: 321 BCE – 550 CE

3. First to unite India: Chandragupta Maurya 320s BCE
The necessary education, drill, and discipline to cultivate
militarism were confined to the members of one community, the Ksatriyas. This prevented the militant attitude from spreading to other communities and kept the whole social structure unaffected by actual wars and war institutions.
Says the Arthva Veda: "May we revel, living
a hundred winters, rich in heroes." The whole country
looked upon the members of the ksatriya community as
defenders of their country and consequently did not grudge the high influence and power wielded by the Ksatriyas, who were assigned a social rank next in importance to the intellectual and spiritual needs of the society
First to unite India:
Chandragupta Maurya
320s BCE

4. Ashoka Maurya r BCE
High point of Mauryan Empire
Siddhartha as a Boddhisatva

7. "All religions should reside everywhere, for all of them desire
self-control and purity of heart." Rock Edict Nb7 (S. Dhammika)
"Here (in my domain) no living beings are to be slaughtered or offered in sacrifice."
Rock Edict Nb1 (S. Dhammika)
"Contact (between religions) is good. One should listen to and respect the
doctrines professed by others. Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, desires that
all should be well-learned in the good doctrines of other religions.“
Rock Edict Nb12 (S. Dhammika)
"One benefits in this world and gains great merit in the next by giving
the gift of the Dhamma." Rock Edict Nb11 (S. Dhammika)
"Happiness in this world and the next is difficult to obtain without much
love for the Dhamma, much self-examination, much respect, much fear
(of evil), and much enthusiasm." Pilar Edict Nb1 (S. Dhammika)

8. Spread of Buddhism under Ashoka Maurya 268-232 BCE
Decline of Empire?
Similar to anywhere else?

9. The Gupta Empire: ~ 320 – 500 CE Chandra Gupta II 375 – 415 CE
Decentralized leadership
Local states still retain some power

11. spices silks cotton goods rice & wheat spices horses gold & ivory
Extensive Trade of the 4th C CE
spices
silks
cotton goods
rice & wheat
spices
horses
gold & ivory
gold & ivory
cotton goods

12. International Trade Routes during the Golden Age of the Gupta Empire

13. 500 healing plants identified Printed medicinal guides
Gupta
Achievements
1000 diseases classified
Hindu revival
With death of Ashoka:
Bhagavad Gita
500 healing plants identified
Printed medicinal guides
Kalidasa
Literature
Plastic Surgery
Medicine
Inoculations
Gupta India
C-sections performed
Solar Calendar
Astronomy
Mathematics
Decimal System
The earth is round
PI =
Concept of Zero

14. The moral of the game was that a person can attain
salvation (Moksha) through performing good deeds
whereas by doing evil one takes rebirth in lower forms of life (Patamu). The number of Ladders was less than the number of Snakes as a reminder that treading the path of good is very difficult compared to committing sins. Presumably the number "100" represented Moksha (Salvation).

15. Invasion of
The White Huns
~ 450 CE
Decline of
the Gupta
Empire?