1. QoS Structure of 3GPP/UMTS Doug Young Suh Media Lab. suh@khu.ac.kr Last update : 2004 3GPP UMTS

2. 3GPP (www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs) 3GPP UMTS

4. 3G TSs and TRs TS 22.100 "Service aspects, Service principles," filename : 22100- 360.zip TS 22.105 "Services and Service capabilities" TS 23.107 "QoS Concept and Architecture" TS 23.228 v7.3 (2006-03) "IP Multimedia (IM) Subsystems ­ Stage 2" TS 24.228 “Signalling flows for the IP multimedia call control based on SIP and SDP” TR 25.853 “Delay budget within the Access Stratum(Release 1999)” TS 25.215 “Physical layer – measurements(FDD) (Release 1999)” : TSG RAN TR 26.912 “QoS for speech and multimedia codec, quantitative performance evaluation of H.324 Annex C over 3G” Release 97/98 => Release 99 => Release 4 => Release 5 => Release 6 => Release 7 => Release 8 => Release 9(LTE) 3GPP UMTS

5. Auxiliary verbs in standards "Shall" is used in this Recommendation to specify a mandatory requirement. "Should" is used to in this Recommendation to specify a suggested, but not required, course of action. "May" is used to specify an optional course of action, without expressing a preference. 3GPP UMTS

6. UMTS Network = UTRAN + [GSM BSS] + UMTS CN 3GPP UMTS

7. UMTS PSN protocol stack

8. 3GPP UMTS

9. Circuit Switching dedicated channel(CBR) low delay, low loss, low bandwidth 3GPP UMTS

10. Packet Switching best effort : shared channel(VBR) time-varying QoS 3GPP UMTS

11. QoS negotiable network Cell(label) switching : resource reservation QoS guaranteed, ATM, NGI 3GPP UMTS

12. UMTS services Connection-oriented / connection-less Bearer service : circuit switched(64kbps) / packet switched(  2Mbps) Speech : telephone, short message point-to-point / broadcasting Symmetric and asymmetric 3GPP UMTS

13. UTRAN services Set-up, re-negotiation, and clearing of connections with a range of traffic and performance characteristics  bearer attributes  QoS attributes CAC during connection set-up and re-negotiation FC on a connection during its lifetime UPC on a connection during its lifetime broadcast and multicast UTRA mode = FDD+TDD positioning of mobile termination at a minimum precision of around 50m 3GPP UMTS

14. UMTS Core Network traffic policing = CAC + FC + UPC charging records based upon parameters such as the dialled number, call duration, traffic (volume, bitrate) and perceived QoS security features : UMTS 21.123 3GPP UMTS

15. Quality of Service end-to-end(TE-to-TE) quality perceived by the customer (ITU-T M.xxx) the collective effect of service performances such as; service operability performance; service accessibility performance; service retention performance; service integrity performance; and other factors specific to each service. 3GPP UMTS

16. Framework 3GPP UMTS

17. Minimum bit rates and QoS range 3GPP UMTS Operating environment (minimum bit rate, speed) Real Time (Constant Delay) Non Real Time (Variable Delay) Satellite (144kbps, 1000 km/h) Max Delay less than 400 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 1200 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Rural outdoor (144kbps, 500 km/h) Max Delay 20 - 300 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Urban/ Suburban outdoor (384kbps, 120 km/h) Max Delay 20 - 300 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8 Indoor/ Low range outdoor (2Mbps, 10 km/h) Max Delay 20 - 300 ms BER 10-3 - 10-7 Max Delay 150 ms or more BER = 10-5 to 10-8

18. End-user Performance Expectations 3GPP TS 22.105 v6.2 (2003-06) Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects Service aspects Services and service capabilities (Release 6) 3GPP UMTS

19. Supported End User QoS 3GPP UMTS

20. conversatinal real-time services 3GPP UMTS MediumApplicationDegree of symmetry Data rateKey performance parameters and target values End-to-end One-way Delay Information loss AudioConversationa l voice Two-way4-25 kb/s<150 msec preferred <400 msec limit * < 3% FER VideoVideophoneTwo-way32-384 kb/s < 150 msec preferred <400 msec limit Lip-synch : < 100 ms < 1% FER DataTelemetry - two-way control Two-way<28.8 kb/s < 250 msecZero DataInteractive games Two-way< 1 KB< 250 msecZero DataTelnetTwo-way (asymmetric) < 1 KB< 250 msecZero * The overall one way delay in the mobile network (from UE to PLMN border) is approximately 100ms.

21. Streaming Services 3GPP UMTS MediumApplicationDegree of symmetry Data rate Key performance parameters and target values Start-up Delay Transport delay Variation Packet loss at session layer Audio Speech, mixed speech and music, medium and high quality music Primarily one- way 5-128 kb/s < 10 sec< 2sec< 1% Packet loss ratio Video Movie clips, surveillance, real-time video Primarily one- way 20-384 kb/s < 10 sec<2 sec< 2% Packet loss ratio Data Bulk data transfer/retrieval, layout and synchronisation information Primarily one- way < 384 kb/s < 10 secN.AZero Data Still image Primarily one- way < 10 secN.AZero

22. Interactive Services 3GPP UMTS MediaApplicationDegree of symmetry Data rate Key performance parameters and target values One-way Delay Information loss AudioVoice messaging Primarily one-way 4-13 kb/s < 1 sec for playback < 2 sec for record < 3% FER DataWeb-browsing - HTML Primarily one-way < 4 sec /pageZero DataTransaction services – high priority e.g. e- commerce, ATM Two-way< 4 secZero DataE-mail (server access) Primarily One-way < 4 secZero

23. Access protocols The access protocols shall allow the support of multimedia services. These services are characterized by the ability to dynamically change the number of participants and the number of connections during a call. The characteristics of the connections (confer the list of attributes used to describe a connection) may differ from one connection to another. They are negotiated during call set-up. They may be independently and dynamically re-negotiated on application (the telecommunication requirements of the application changes) or network initiative (change of network load conditions, during a handover procedure) during the call. 3GPP UMTS

24. QoS Architecture 3GPP UMTS

25. QoS management functions for the UMTS bearer service in the control plane service manager provides all user plane QoS management translation function e.g. between IETF Tspec to UMTS service attributes admission/capability control subscription control : administrative rights 3GPP UMTS

26. QoS management functions for the UMTS bearer service in the user plane mapping function : the specific marking cf. label in MPLS, VCI in ATM classification function : derived from data unit header or traffic characteristics resource manager : scheduling, bandwidth management, power control for radio bearer traffic manager : policing and traffic shaping, preferential dropping in case of congestion 3GPP UMTS

27. QoS Parameters of UMTS bearer and radio access bearer [Maximum bitrate(bps), Maximum SDU size(octet)] cf. [PCR, CDVT] possible bitrates per subflow in CS case <= inter PDU transmission interval (IPTI) [Guaranteed bitrate, k*Maximum SDU size] cf. [SCR, BT+CDVT] to capture burstness minimum resource requirements => resource sharing delivery order(y/n) SDU format information(bits) SDU error ratio : loss+damaged residual bit error ratio delivery of erroneous SDUs(y/n/-) : '-' implies no error detection. transfer delay(ms) : 95% quantile traffic handling priority : per flow allocation/retention priority : per bearer which is not negotiated from the MT 3GPP UMTS

28. Leaky Bucket [drain rate, depth] 3GPP UMTS Traffic engineering for VBR traffic Issues : overflow, queuing delay Applications : CAC, fair queuing

29. QoS parameters of Iu BS and CN BS Iu bearer service parameters QoS capabilities in ATM layer (ATM-VCI) QoS capabilities in IP layer (Diffserv, service level agreements(SLA)) Core network bearer service parameters IP layer or ATM layer 3GPP UMTS

30. Value ranges for UMTS Bearer Service Attributes 3GPP UMTS Traffic classConversation al class Streaming classInteractive class Backgrou nd class Maximum bitrate (kbps) < 2 048 Delivery orderYes/No Maximum SDU size (octets) <=1 500 or 1 502 Delivery of erroneous SDUs Yes/No/- Residual BER5*10 -2, 10 -2, 5*10 -3, 10 -3, 10 -4, 10 -6 5*10 -2, 10 -2, 5*10 -3, 10 - 3, 10 -4, 10 -5, 10 -6 4*10 -3, 10 -5, 6*10 -8 4*10 -3, 10 - 5, 6*10 -8 SDU error ratio10 -2, 7*10 -3, 10 -3, 10 -4, 10 -5 10 -1, 10 -2, 7*10 -3, 10 -3, 10 -4, 10 -5 10 -3, 10 -4, 10 -6 Transfer delay (ms) 100 – maximum 250 – maximum Guaranteed bit rate (kbps) < 2 048 Traffic handling priority 1,2,3 Allocation/Reten tion priority 1,2,3

31. QoS Ranking 3GPP UMTS QoS ranking 2conversatio nal Traffic class 3streamingTraffic class 1InteractiveTraffic class 1Traffic handling priority 4InteractiveTraffic class 2Traffic handling priority 5InteractiveTraffic class 3Traffic handling priority 6BackgroundTraffic class

32. 32 Cross-layer per-class services SVC : enhancement layers, base layer RTP : ULP (Unequal Loss Protection) diffServ : BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF 802.11e : BK, BE, EE, CL, VI, VO, NC, TxOP 802.16e : BE, nrtPS, rtPS, ertPS, UGS How to map them? Temporal priority, loss priority bronze silver gold Higher priority

33. The Main Feature of UMTS “Flexibility !!” 3GPP UMTS

34. 3GPP Organization 3GPP UMTS Speech codec Video codec MBS (Multicast/Broadcast Service) PSS (Packet Switch Streaming)

35. SA4 The responsibilities of WG4 (Codec) include the following items: Development and maintenance of specifications for speech, audio, video, and multimedia codecs, as required to enable services specified for 3G terminals and systems. Guidance to other 3GPP groups concerning required QoS parameters and other system implications, including channel coding requirements, imposed by different multimedia codecs in both circuit-switched and packet-switched environments. Speech, audio, video, and multimedia quality evaluation (including new evaluation methods, testing, verification, characterisation, selection criteria) End-to-end performance, including terminal characteristics, of speech, audio, video, and multimedia services. Interoperability aspects with existing mobile and fixed networks from the codec point of view. In conducting its work, the Codec WG will strive to specify the best possible technical solutions at the same time as considering the planned global use of the codecs and the flexibility needs imposed by different regional requirements and preferences, including possible differences in quality/capacity trade-offs. 2015-09-11MediaLab, Kyunghee University35

36. Examples of contributions SA4-video TD No.TITLE SOURCE S4-090587Pseudo CR for section 7 on Graceful Degradation Use CaseFraunhofer Gesellschaft, ETRI S4-090588Proposed Text for Section 7.2.x UE Power Saving and Channel Zapping ETRI S4-090589Use Case of Stereoscopic Video for IVSETRI S4-090596CR 26.267-0004 IVS transmitter termination correction (Release 8)Qualcomm Europe S.A.R.L. S4-090600CR 26.269-0002 Introduction of test cases for IVS-initiated signalling (Release 8) Qualcomm Europe S.A.R.L. S4-090626Proposed text to IVS TR on use casesLM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson (France) SAS S4-090627Proposed text to IVS TR on requirements and working assumptions LM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson (France) SAS S4-090651Storage for HTTP StreamingHuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S4-090652Transport for HTTP StreamingHuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S4-090653Comments on the MBMS specificationHuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S4-090654CR 26.237-0019 Service Selection Information Update (Release 9)HuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S4-090655CR 26.237-0020 Clarification on Content Identifier in Session Initialization Procedure (Release 9) HuaWei Technologies Co., Ltd S4-090656Simple Timed GraphicsApple Inc S4-090657Video SWG AgendaApple Inc S4-090675Use Cases of SVC for Fast Bandwidth AdaptationVIDIATOR S4-090676Liaison Statement on media transportISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 S4-090685Enhancement layer only coding for advanced terminalsFraunhofer Gesellschaft 2015-09-11MediaLab, Kyunghee University36

37. Example of PSS and MBMS IMS based functional architecture 2015-09-11MediaLab, Kyunghee University37

38. IVS(Improved Video Support) Justification Evolved radio access technologies (HSPA & LTE) provide higher data rates, which allow the provision of services with higher quality. Mobile terminals shipped nowadays are compatible with several access technologies and equipped with larger screens and higher screen resolutions. The evolution of access technologies and screen sizes is likely to continue in the future and the solution(s) will take into account these and future developments, e.g. through the co-existence of several UE generations inside the same network. Use cases and solutions proposed for advanced UE require further analysis of performance. Objective The objective of this WI is to continue to identify video use cases that may require additional improvements as well as the evaluation of the benefits of scalable video as an additional video codec for the PSS and MBMS services. This evaluation will continue based on both the use cases identified in the technical report TR 26.903 as well as new use cases and would result in the update of that TR. 2015-09-11MediaLab, Kyunghee University38

39. IVS advanced UE(Release 9) Video aspect ratio management UE Power Saving and Fast Stream Switching in MBMS Graceful Degradation Rate adaptation in PSS when entering bad reception conditions In MBMS services when entering bad reception conditions Combined support of heterogeneous devices Rate and quality adaptation with predefined multi quality content originating from external networks HD Support for Mobile PC-based UEs Conditional Access 2015-09-11MediaLab, Kyunghee University39

40. IVS Release 10 Work scope ~Dec. 2010 Continuing to evaluate options to support the use cases on advanced UEs Evaluating the benefits and deployment scenarios of scalable video (e.g. H.264 Scalable Baseline Profile) compared to other H.264/AVC profiles Depending on the outcome of the above evaluation: Provide recommendations on the adoption of scalable video in MBMS and PSS for specific use cases and specify a codec, profiles and levels Provide recommendations on existing codec profiles and levels as needed for specific use cases and further enhancements to advanced terminals. Provide recommendations on modifying or extending the related enablers (i.e. transport and storage formats) If necessary, provide guidelines on necessary adjustments to existing service components and functionality for improved integration of scalable video  cross-layer design 2015-09-11MediaLab, Kyunghee University40