1. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H The Current Strategy of the CGIAR Francisco Reifschneider Director CGIAR June 2, 2003

2. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Centrality of agriculture 12% Ag GDP/total 27% All developing LLDCs 2% Industri- alized GNPExportsEmployment Agriculture in African Economies 35% 40% 70%

3. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Agriculture is getting back on the development agenda World Food Summit+5, 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002 / WEHAB: 5 areas of importance (Kofi Annan) World Water Forum, 2003

4. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Challenges to agriculture Doubling of food production in 40 years Extreme poverty in rural areas Reduce ecological footprint Can food security gap be closed? Case for agricultural research as a global public good stronger than ever before Recovery from natural and man-made disasters

5. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Cereal demand: Developing world accounts for 2/3 by 2020 197419972020 Baseline 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Million metric tons Industrialized world Developing world 664 560 822 725 1,118 1,675

6. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Meat demand: Explosive growth in developing countries 197419972020 Baseline 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Million metric tons Industrialized world Developing world 77 32 111 213 114 98

7. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Poverty Predominantly rural phenomenon >70% of the poor live in rural areas It is multidimensional (lack of food, assets, credit, technologies, extension, and increasingly, knowledge) Poor are powerless and voiceless The poor risk being bypassed by the knowledge revolution

8. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Natural resource degradation 40% of world’s cropland already degraded 20-30% of world’s forests cleared 40% of fish stocks fished to their limit Ecological footprint of agriculture is large and growing

9. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Changing context and agricultural research Intellectual property rights Environmental and social concerns Market security Accelerating pace of scientific change Speed of change itself Private sector investment in S&T Investments are large (30 to 40%) and growing, but outputs are localized Steep decline in public investments, but still 60% CGIAR investments only 1.8% of public agricultural R&D Emergence of strong NARS, dismantling NARIS New ‘threats’ and ‘opportunities’ (climate change, AIDS, globalization, ICT, etc.)

10. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Role for international agricultural research Agricultural research is a driver of growth in rural areas Partnerships are essential Importance of knowledge sharing, building national capacities Provision of public goods

11. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Provision of public goods

12. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

13. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H A strategic alliance for the 21 st century Created in 1971 62 public and private members 4 co-sponsors (World Bank, FAO, IFAD, UNDP) 16 CGIAR Centers Partners in academics, CSO, PS, NARIS (in N+S) 8,500 scientists/staff in over 100 countries Total budget 2002: US$ 357 million

14. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H The CGIAR Centers

15. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Five CGIAR research pillars (2002) Increasing productivity (34%) Strengthening NARS (23%) Protecting the environment (18%) Improving policies (15%) Saving biodiversity (10%)

16. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H CGIAR contributions of yesterday: Green Revolution Diffusion of knowledge through collaboration of ARIs, NARS, NGOs, extension services… Impact: since 1950s Asia more than doubled yields of staple crops High yielding varieties averted food crisis looming in the 1960s Saved land Still spreading but changing external environment

17. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Broadening CGIAR research agenda Twin pillars of research for development: germplasm improvement and natural resource management Simultaneous achievement of productivity, environmental, and social goals

18. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H 01- 02 00- 01 99- 00 98- 99 02- 03 Growth in area devoted to low-till farming (in ha) 300,000 100,000 12,000 1200 500,000 Low-till farming in rice-wheat systems Total area: 23 million ha Example of yield increase 1.64 to 3.34 tons/ha in India Partnership for impact (4 countries, 5 Centers, 6 ARIs) Resource conserving CGIAR contributions of today: Rice-Wheat Consortium of Indo-Gangetic Plains

19. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H CGIAR contributions of today: Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Has twice the amount of lysine, tryptophan – essential amino acids QPM planted on one million hectares, in 20 countries, boosting food, nutrition, health and income security In Ghana, record yields of 7 tons/ha achieved

20. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Vision for a new CGIAR Agile, world-class knowledge alliance Working at frontier of science, linking science and the poor Provider of public goods that will not be addressed by private sector research Partnerships as key element US universities, GREAN Initiative, FONTAGRO platform etc. Resource mobilization (finance, knowledge, intellectual property)

21. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H CGIAR reform program Increase research impact through internal and external alliances Increase efficiency in policy formulation and decision-making Harness cutting edge science to help meet international development goals Service provision in a more effective mode

22. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Strategic consensus with Co-sponsors and members World Bank: “Reaching the Rural Poor” strategy acknowledges importance of S&T FAO: Strategic Framework for FAO 2000-2015 calls for cooperation to eradicate food insecurity and rural poverty IFAD: Strategic Framework 2000-2006 emphasizes critical role of agricultural science to reduce poverty and conserve natural resources USAID: strategy aims at revitalizing agricultural programs with emphasis on science-based solutions IDB: recognizes strategic importance of the agricultural sector for overall growth

23. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H New CGIAR strategic framework is in development To meet CGIAR goals facing new opportunities and threats Formulation and drafting will be a broadly consultative, participatory process involving as many stakeholders as possible Lead to action plan for implementation in the short and medium term To help define the strategic niche for Challenge Programs in the CGIAR’s research and development agenda

24. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H CGIAR Challenge Programs Approach: time-bound, innovative multi- institutional, multi-disciplinary, and multi-country Focus: tackling problems of global significance in agriculture and allied sectors Water and Food Biofortified Crops for Improved Human Nutrition Challenge programs are: building new and strengthening ongoing partnerships strengthening research for development addressing Millennium Development Goals

25. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Biofortified crops for improved human nutrition Objectives: breeding and diffusion of new crops with improved micro-nutrient content 6 staple crops (beans,cassava,maize,rice,sweet pot.,wheat) 11 additional crops (incl.: barley,sorghum,millet,lentils) Nutrients: iron, zinc, beta-carotene About 40 partners (incl.: 8 CGIAR Centers, 4 leading ARIs) 3 geographical regions: LAC, Africa, Asia Initial funding: US$ 46 million (first 4 years)

26. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Water and Food Objectives: increasing water use efficiency in agriculture while protecting the environment Partnership: 18 members (6 NAROs, 4 ARIs, 5 CGIAR Centers, 3 international NGOs) Matrix structure: 5 research themes (incl. crop water productivity improvement) and 7 benchmark river basins in LAC, Africa, Asia (incl. Nile, Karkheh, Sao Francisco) Minimum core budget: US$ 120 million (first 6 years) Some 75% of total funding is organized as open, competitive grant financing

27. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Challenges of CPs Resource mobilization Strategic priorities Effective governance model Transaction costs Science quality Global public policy issues (PPP, IPR) Major experiment

28. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H The way forward Agricultural development pivotal for economic growth, poverty reduction, food security and proper environmental management Existing partnerships have to be strengthened for increasing impacts (MDGs); new partnerships have to be formed Public good research is and will be vital CGIAR reform process, partnerships and external environment: harnessing the opportunity is a must