1. presentationA Mobile Source Control Strategies

2. presentationA Overview Reductions from national controlsReductions from national controls Reduction potential of local mobile controlsReduction potential of local mobile controls PerspectivePerspective

3. presentationA Mobile Emission Reductions from National Controls Emissions (1,000s kg/day) 54% 51% 40% 37% 46%

4. presentationA Additional Mobile Controls Fuel ChangesFuel Changes I/M ProgramsI/M Programs Transportation Control MeasuresTransportation Control Measures

5. presentationA Mobile VOC Reductions from National Controls Year 54% Emissions (1,000s kg/day)

6. presentationA Additional VOC Reductions With I/M Programs 4% 6% 12% Emissions (1,000s kg/day)

7. presentationA Mobile NOx Reductions from National Controls Year 54% Emissions (1,000s kg/day)

8. presentationA Additional NOx Reductions With I/M Programs Year 0% 3% 7% Emissions (1,000s kg/day)

9. presentationA I/M Policy Issues Low reductions from non-OBD programsLow reductions from non-OBD programs Assume OBD is effective technologyAssume OBD is effective technology OBD benefits may be overestimatedOBD benefits may be overestimated How does this compare to other options?How does this compare to other options?

10. presentationA Transportation Control Measures (TCM)

11. presentationA VMT and Emissions Trends Mobile Emissions (1,000s kg/day) Year VMT (millions/day)

12. presentationA Additional VOC Reductions With VMT Changes Year Mobile Emissions (1,000s kg/day) 4.7%

13. presentationA Additional NOx Reductions With VMT Changes Year Mobile Emissions (1,000s kg/day) 4.8%

14. presentationA Additional VOC Reductions With Doubling of Transit Year Mobile Emissions (1,000s kg/day) 4.7% 1.0%

15. presentationA Additional NOx Reductions With Doubling of Transit Year Mobile Emissions (1,000s kg/day) 4.5% 0.4%

16. presentationA TCM Policy Issues Projected benefits less certainProjected benefits less certain Emissions show little sensitivity to VMT changesEmissions show little sensitivity to VMT changes Success dependent on behavioral changes – Enforceable?Success dependent on behavioral changes – Enforceable? Regulatory vs. voluntaryRegulatory vs. voluntary

17. presentationA Conclusions National controls are producing major reductionsNational controls are producing major reductions Additional reductions from local controls are small in comparisonAdditional reductions from local controls are small in comparison I/M (OBD) benefits in similar range as fuelsI/M (OBD) benefits in similar range as fuels Changes in VMT have diminishing impactsChanges in VMT have diminishing impacts

18. presentationA Decision-Making Questions What are we trying to accomplish?What are we trying to accomplish? Are there common denominators in the answer to that question?Are there common denominators in the answer to that question? Is there “value-added” by implementing some programs in multi- state areas?Is there “value-added” by implementing some programs in multi- state areas?