1. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /191 STATUS OF THE LHC INSTABILITIES E. Métral, N. Mounet and B. Salvant E. Métral, N. Mounet and B. Salvant W. Herr, E. Laface and S. Redaelli u Reminder => 2 types of (coherent) instabilities observed  With only 1 bunch in a ring (no beam-beam) at high-energy without octupoles  Several bunches in stable-beam conditions (i.e. with beam-beam and also octupoles)

2. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /192 u Benchmark Theory (Gaussian bunches) vs. HEADTAIL simulations for the instability rise-times at 450 GeV/c and 7 TeV/c => Scan in chromaticity u Evolution of the modes vs. time from the instability measurement performed on MO 17/05/2010 at 3.5 TeV/c u Evolution of the modes vs. time from HEADTAIL simulations in the case of the nominal beam at 7 TeV/c => Without and with beam losses (i.e. aperture) u Effect of the octupoles’ current on the single-bunch instability at 3.5 TeV/c with Q’x = + 6: HEADTAIL vs. theory u Conclusions and next steps 1 st INSTABILITY

3. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /193 Benchmark Theory (Gaussian bunches) vs. HEADTAIL simulations for the inst. rise-times at 450 GeV/c and 7 TeV/c Theory (Gaussian, 2006) HEADTAIL simulations (2010) 450 GeV/c7 TeV/c Impedance model to be checked

4. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /194 Evolution of the modes vs. time from the instability measurement performed on MO 17/05/2010 at 3.5 TeV/c Every s from 22:44:00 to 22:46:00, i.e. during 120 s Mainly m = - 1 still at 108 s “Christmas tree” around 114 s => During losses 120 s

5. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /195 Evolution of the modes vs. time from HEADTAIL simulations in the the case of the nominal beam at 7 TeV/c WITHOUT LOSSESWITH LOSSES A similar “Christmas tree” seems to be reproduced with the losses included

6. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /196 MD settings 17 May 2010 – 3.5 TeV/c - 1.05 10 11 –  x = 3.75  m During the MD it was ~ 5 microm => Fully stable for +50 A Fully stable for +50 A < Ioct < +100 A (i.e. +3 < K3F = K3D < +6) from HEADTAIL Effect of the octupoles’ current on the single-bunch inst. at 3.5 TeV/c with Q’x = + 6: HEADTAIL vs. THEORY (1/2)

7. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /197 Effect of the octupoles’ current on the single-bunch inst. at 3.5 TeV/c with Q’x = + 6: HEADTAIL vs. THEORY (2/2) From THEORY From Sacherer with 2010 impedance model => -1.2 10 -4 – j 6.5 10 -6 (m = - 1) => Stable for Ioct ~ 85 A

8. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /198 Conclusions and next steps (1/2) u A similar “Christmas tree” as the one observed in the CCC (when beam losses appear) seems also to be obtained from HEADTAIL simulations when the beam losses are included (i.e. introducing an aperture) => But the instability responsible for the beam losses should be a head-tail with m = - 1 u This can be checked by reproducing the MD done on MO 17/05/10 and looking at the signals inside the bunch, turn after turn (Headtail monitor) u HEADTAIL simulations confirmed that one should try and reduce the chromaticities as much as we can (still > 0 if no transverse feedback or slightly negative with a transverse feedback) u A good agreement is obtained between theoretical predictions and HEADTAIL simulations for the beam stabilization of the instability at 3.5 TeV/c Fully stable for +50 A Fully stable for +50 A < Ioct < +100 A (i.e. +3 < K3F = K3D < +6)  Theoretical predictions => ~ +85 A

9. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /199 Conclusions and next steps (2/2) u Next steps:  Finish the scan in the octupoles’ current (60, 70, 80 and 90 A) for the HEADTAIL simulations  Redo the octupole analysis with negative gradients (as we suggested to use negative ones after discussion with StephaneF) => K3F = K3D = - 6 is currently used at 3.5 TeV/c u For more info on this subject => See for instance: https://impedance.web.cern.ch/impedance/documents/SBInstabilityStudiesIn TheLHCAt3500GeV_LCU.pdf https://impedance.web.cern.ch/impedance/documents/SBInstabilityStudiesIn TheLHCAt3500GeV_LCU.pdf

10. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1910 u This is followed up by WH and EL (and also FS in the future) => 2 presentations by WH at the LHC Beam Commissioning Working Group  https://lhc-commissioning.web.cern.ch/lhc- commissioning/meetings/20100706/LHC-BC-WG-Min06July10.pdf https://lhc-commissioning.web.cern.ch/lhc- commissioning/meetings/20100706/LHC-BC-WG-Min06July10.pdf  https://lhc-commissioning.web.cern.ch/lhc- commissioning/meetings/20100713/LHC-BC-WG-Min13July10.pdf https://lhc-commissioning.web.cern.ch/lhc- commissioning/meetings/20100713/LHC-BC-WG-Min13July10.pdf u Some discussions on the observations made on FR 09/07/2010 u Preliminary conclusions and next steps 2 nd INSTABILITY

11. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1911 Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (1/8)

12. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1912 Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (2/8)

13. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1913 5 first bunches in the train of B1 Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (3/8)

14. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1914 Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (4/8)

15. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1915 120 s 05:43:0005:45:00 Measured instability rise-time ~ 13 s => Very close to the single-bunch instability meas. performed few weeks ago when reducing the octupoles strength (Y here instead of X last time, but similar rise-times predicted ) Similar increase observed when performing HEADTAIL simulations with amplitude detuning from octupoles! Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (5/8)

16. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1916 Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (6/8) 05:43:00 => Black 05:43:57 => Blue 05:43:00 => Black 05:44:09 => Green 05:43:00 => Black 05:44:33 => Orange 05:43:00 => Black 05:44:57 => Red The vertical tune in collision (without BB) should be 0.32 BB tune shift? - Qs?

17. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1917 Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (7/8)

18. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1918 05:43:00 05:45:00 06:06:00 06:08:00 Certainly a similar rise- time for the 4 th step as for the 1 st one Measurements on FR 09/07/2010 (8/8)

19. Elias Métral, 1st ICE meeting, 14/07/2010 /1919 Preliminary conclusions and next steps u When the beam (bunch) becomes unstable the instability rise-time (on the 2 cases analyzed!) seems very close to the one measured during a dedicated MD (and predicted from theory and simulations) with a single-bunch only (no beam-beam), reducing the octupoles’ strength => ~ 10 s of instability rise time  Is this rise-time similar in the other cases of beam losses?  What are the predicted rise-times from the coherent beam-beam modes?  We could imagine that something happens which leads to a loss of Landau damping: When Landau damping is lost, the single-bunch instability (due the machine impedance) could develop  We could for instance use the HEADTAL monitor to superimpose several consecutive traces and try and indentify the m = - 1 instability (as already proposed for the previous study). We could also look at the evolution of the spectrum to see the m = - 1 developing or not (as done in the previous MD) => To disentangle between coherent beam-beam modes and head-tail instability from the machine impedance u Many propositions by WH… More observations required… To be followed up