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Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction Objectives: 1.Identify different types of cell division 2.Differentiate between a gene, a DNA molecule, a chromosome,

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Presentation on theme: "Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction Objectives: 1.Identify different types of cell division 2.Differentiate between a gene, a DNA molecule, a chromosome,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction Objectives: 1.Identify different types of cell division 2.Differentiate between a gene, a DNA molecule, a chromosome, and a chromatid. 3.Be able to compare haploid and diploid cells 4.Predict how mutations at the chromosome level can affect development.

2 About 2 trillions cells are produced by an adult human body every day What are some of the reasons why cells need to divide in our bodies?

3 Why do cells reproduce For growth Repair And reproduction

4 There are Two Types of Cell Division Mitosis Makes new somatic cells (body cells) These cells are used for Growth and Repair of tissues Meiosis Makes germ cells or gametes ( egg and sperm) These cells are used for reproduction

5 There are 5 stages of Mitosis plus Cytokinesis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and, Cytokinesis

6 Interphase Cell grow and carries out if normal cell processes DNA Replicates

7 Prophase Nuclear membrane disintegrates Nucleolus (nuclear membrane) disappears Chromosomes condense Mitotic spindle begins to form between the poles

8 Spindle Apparatus Includes Centrioles: Located at the poles of the cell, and send out spindle fibers. Spindle fibers: attach to the centremere of each sister chromatid, in order to pull them apart. The spindle apparatus ensure that each new cell receives 1 full copy of the genetic material ↑ Centromere ↑ Spindle fiber Centrioles →

9 Metaphase Chromosomes attach to mitotic spindle and align along the metaphase plate (the equator of the cell).

10 Anaphase Microtubules shorten, moving chromosomes to opposite poles

11 Telophase Chromosomes reach poles of cell.Chromosomes reach poles of cell. Nuclear envelope re-forms.Nuclear envelope re-forms. Nucleolus reappears.Nucleolus reappears. Chromosomes decondense.Chromosomes decondense.

12 Cytokinesis Plant Cells Cell plate forms dividing daughter cells Animal Cells Cleavage furrow forms at equator of cell and pinches inward until cell divides in two Cleavage → Furrow

13 The result is two identical daughter cells That are Diploid ( having 2 copies of each chromosome ).

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