1. The United States after the Revolutionary War
Shaping a New Nation
The United States after the Revolutionary War

2. F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What’s happening in this photo?

3. F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What would happen if the government could not tax us?
What if states could not be forced to provide soldiers for our protection?
What if there was no president?

4. Remember. . .

5. The Treaty of Paris had officially ended the Revolutionary War, and Britain was SUPPOSED to leave the new United States territories. . .
But because of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the new U.S. government was unstable and weak.

6. Articles of Confederation Weaknesses
Most power held by the states
Only one branch of government
The one legislative branch had very few powers
No judicial branch (Supreme Court)
No executive branch (President)
No system of checks and balances
Could not force states to provide soldiers for a national military
Could not tax (this was the states’ right)

7. Weakness Chart

8. Because the U.S. government was so weak. . .
It couldn’t force British troops to leave the U.S.
Britain began passing tariffs (taxes on imports or exports) that the U.S. was forced to pay in order to trade
Britain and Spain both closed trade routes that the U.S. depended on

9. Assignment Read Chapter 5, Section 1 (pages 152-155).
Answer 1-4 all parts on page 155.

10. F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What are your thoughts on this photo?

11. F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What are the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

12. Reminder
You’ll have a question quiz on Thursday that will cover Chapter 5, Sections 1 and 2.
The quiz will be multiple choice.
Turn in your homework from last night. (Chapter 5, Section 1 questions)
You’ll have time today to finish your in-class assignment.

13. Because of the closed trade routes and high tariffs, many states began printing large amounts of money
Created inflation (money value decreases, prices of goods increase)

14. Depression Period of low economic activity and high unemployment
Makes some people crazy and desperate

15. Shays’s Rebellion

16. Daniel Shays and other farmers rebelled in order to save their farms
MA farmers were losing their farms because they couldn’t pay their taxes
Daniel Shays and other farmers rebelled in order to save their farms
Rebellion went on for a long time because the national government had no army to put it down
Proved to many people that the U.S. needed a stronger national government

17. Assignment
Read Chapter 5, Section 2 (pages ) and do 1-4 all parts on page 162.

18. Constitutional Convention
Most Americans agreed that the national government under the Articles of Confederation was way too weak
Delegates arrived in Philadelphia in May, 1787 to discuss how to solve these issues
INDEPENDENCE HALL

19. F.O.A. (Bellwork) What does compromise mean?
Write one paragraph in which you’ve had to compromise with someone.

20. EQ: How did the Founding Fathers work together during the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States? (8.5 spi 5)
EQ: What role did compromise play in the creation of the United States Constitution? ( 8.4 spi 8)

21. Today
Notes on Chapter 5, Section 3

22. The Major Issues
Every delegate thought changes needed to happen; just didn’t agree on how much
Representation in Congress
Slavery
How strong the new national government should be

23. Representation in Congress
How would representatives be chosen? Would larger states be allowed more representatives? Should everyone get the same amount of votes? Was there any way to compromise?

24. Large States Liked. . . Edmund Randolph’s Virginia Plan
Bicameral legislature (House and Senate)
Representation in both houses based on population

25. Small States Liked. . . William Patterson’s New Jersey Plan
Unicameral Congress (one house)
Each state got the same number of votes

26. The Great Compromise

27. Representatives based on population - Equal number of senators
Idea put forth by Roger Sherman of CT
Bicameral legislature (House and Senate)
Number of Representatives for each state based on population
Each state got two Senators
Virginia Plan
Bicameral
- Rep. based on pop.
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral
Equal Rep.
Great Compromise
Bicameral
Representatives based on population
- Equal number of senators

28. Slavery
In order to increase their representation, Southern states wanted to count slaves in their populations.
Northern states disagreed; they did not want to count slaves in the population, but they did think that the South should have to pay taxes on them.

29. Three-Fifths Compromise
Slaves would count as 3/5 of a regular person. Taxes would be paid on all slaves.
The writers of the Constitution were very careful to not speak bad about slavery (this would’ve upset the South).

30. Homework Read Chapter 5, Section 3 (pages 163-168)
Answer 1-4 all parts on page 168

31. Other Ideas Found in the Constitution. . .

32. F.O.A. (Bellwork)
Give me at least one example of compromise in U.S. History we’ve discussed since we’ve returned from Christmas.

33. Homework
We need to turn in our homework now.

34. EQs
What role did compromise play in the creation of the United States Constitution? ( 8.4 spi 8)
What rights and privileges do we have as American citizens? (8.4 spi 4)
How did the Founding Fathers work together during the writing of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States? (8.5 spi 5)

35. Today Finish notes on Chapter 5, Section 4.
If we finish notes, use the rest of class to finish anything you owe me.

36. Tomorrow
We’ve have an open-notes, open-book quiz on Chapter 5, Sections 3 and 4.

37. Future
Next week we’ll be back to normal. We’ll have a test next Thursday.

38. Popular Sovereignty Sovereignty – The ability to rule
Popular sovereignty means that political rule belongs to the people!

39. Federalism
The sharing of power between states and the federal government

40. Checks and Balances
Keeps any of the three branches of government from becoming too powerful

41. Federalists vs. Antifederalists & The Bill of Rights

42. A Little More Compromise. . .
First: Great Compromise
Second: Three-Fifths Compromise
New Question: Just how strong is this new national government going to be? OR

43. Federalists Wanted a strong, powerful national gov’t
Defended their views in a series of articles called The Federalist Papers

44. WASHINGTON
FRANKLIN
MADISON
HAMILTON

45. Anti-Federalists
Were opposed to the Constitution for several different reasons:
Didn’t want a new gov’t (just a better one)
Thought new gov’t had way too much power
No section in the Const. that guaranteed certain rights

46. GEORGE MASON
PATRICK HENRY
JEFFERSON
SAM ADAMS

47. More Compromise, Please!
Both the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists published articles trying to persuade the American people
Each state voted on whether or not to ratify (pass) the Constitution
Only 9 states needed to ratify it; but in order for it to really be effective, all 13 states needed to ratify it

48. “The First State”
Dec. 7, 1787 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the Constitution

49. Compromise Made
Several states only agree to ratify the Constitution if a “Bill of Rights” were created to protect individual freedoms

50. Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments (official changes) to the Constitution
Set a clear example of how to adjust or change the Constitution to reflect the wishes of the people

51. Remember. . .
What role did compromise play in the writing of the United States Constitution?
Representation – Great Compromise
Slave Population – Three-Fifths Compromise
Strong/Weak Government – Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Protecting Freedoms – Bill of Rights