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European Union security policy Dr Anne Deighton Geneva Centre for Security Policy and Oxford University.

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Presentation on theme: "European Union security policy Dr Anne Deighton Geneva Centre for Security Policy and Oxford University."— Presentation transcript:

1 European Union security policy Dr Anne Deighton Geneva Centre for Security Policy and Oxford University

2 ‘…. foreign policy no longer exists – at least in the way we have traditionally seen it…. travel is a boon to the tourist; but it can expose us to risks such as SARS; world trade can create prosperity and spur innovation. But it can also result in job losses, … technology enables us to communicate instantly across the globe …. But terrorists and criminal networks use it too…. if we succeed in reducing the poppy crop in Afghanistan, we may save the lives of young heroin addicts in Accrington;…. So foreign policy is no longer all that foreign. It matters, more than ever, to all of us.’ (Sir Michael Jay, UK Permanent Under Secretary FCO, 19.05.04)

3 ?Bulgarian proposed new national security strategy has the same preoccupations?

4 The EU The lines between international and domestic policy have become increasingly blurred at the national and at the EU level. International and domestic issues= Intermestic policy.

5 The EU structure and toolbox Commission (Pillar One) Trade (from 1960s) external relations (from 1970s) aid and development enlargement ( always on agenda; strategic vacuum in post-cold war eastern Europe)

6 Commission (Pillar One) : Covers at least four DGs Requires cooperation with Council Finance

7 Council (Pillar Two) Traditionally informal, state-based, consensus-based. Access to military tools the greatest single change in EU foreign policy, post St Malo, ‘militarising v civilian power’.

8 European Security Strategy Why do we want a Security Strategy? Looking out, as well as looking inward The foreign policy toolbox…: European Security and Defence Policy Iraq invasion US – pre-emption

9 What does the European Security Strategy say? ‘Europe has never been so prosperous, so secure nor so free’ ‘EU is inevitably a global player’ ‘Security is a precondition of development’ (its opposite is conflict)

10 Justice and Home Affairs (Pillars One and Three) Schengen Migration Policing ‘foreign policy is no longer all that foreign…’

11 So... Security policy to deliver security domestically and to export security beyond borders. Tools are civilian (enlargement, legislation, aid, sanctions, policing, development, negotiation, cooperation, ‘zone of friendship’ in the neighbourhood), and military (CSDP) Tools are multilateral (between states and with other organisations, esp. UN, NATO)

12 Significance for Bulgaria EU security policy is VERY complex Bargains at state (and substate), regions, Brussels, external levels Intermestic in policy areas and in operation State sovereignty and defence issues

13 Significance for Bulgaria New members of the EU club…(the British experience) Priorities and strategic positioning : functionality/ niche provider, institutional loyalty, regional bias

14 Significance for Bulgaria Playing the institutional game. Brussels - multi-dimensional chess. Languages. Playing the state-partner game

15 How this may change institutionally

16 The Constitution Significance for external relations EU Foreign minister Institutional alignments between Council and Commission External Service of the EU

17 The Constitution Will the constitution be introduced? The ratification issue. How far can changes go ahead anyway? Does success matter?

18 ‘….foreign policy no longer exists … foreign policy is no longer all that foreign. It matters, more than ever, to all of us.’


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