1. Computer Software

2. 4-2 Learning Objectives Describe several important trends occurring in computer software. Give examples of several major types of application and system software. Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.

3. 4-3 Define and describe the functions of an operating system. Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages. Describe the issues associated with open-source software. Learning Objectives

4. 4-4 Information System Resources

5. 4-5 Application Software General Purpose –Perform common information processing –Productivity packages Custom Software –In-house development and maintenance Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) –Third party vendor Open-source Software –Application code available and free

6. 4-6 Types of Application & System Software

7. 4-7 Types of Application & System Software

8. 4-8 Components of Top Software Suites

9. 4-9 Integrated Packages Combine functions of several programs –Examples: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks Advantages –Lower price –Less disk space –Pre-installed on microcomputers Disadvantages –Limited functionality

10. 4-10 Web Browsers Support navigation –Internet and World-Wide Web –Intranets –Extranets Universal platform –Information searches –E-mail –Multimedia file transfer –Discussion groups –Other Internet-based applications

11. 4-11 Search Engines Indispensable for finding information Popular engines –Google, Ask Jeeves, Look Smart, Lycos, Overture, Yahoo! Universal client –On all computers of an enterprise

12. 4-12 E-mail, Instant Messaging, and Weblogs E-mail Instant messaging (IM) Weblog or blog –Personal website in dated log format –Updated with new information Owner Gleaned from other sites Moderated discussion

13. 4-13 Word Processing/Desktop Publishing Popular Word Processors –Create, edit, revise, and print documents –Microsoft Word, Lotus WordPro, Corel WordPerfect, OpenOffice Writer Desktop Publishing –Produce printed materials that look professionally published –Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress

14. 4-14 Electronic Spreadsheets Used by most businesses –Analysis, planning, modeling –Microsoft Excel, Open Office Calc, Corel QuattroPro Electronic Spreadsheet –Worksheet of rows and columns –Local computer or on network –Formulas and functions –Charts and graphs –What-if questions

15. 4-15 Presentation Graphics Emphasize key points Convert numeric data into graphics displays Create multimedia presentations –Microsoft PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations Use predesigned templates Tailor files for HTML format in Web sites

16. 4-16 Database Managers Manage databases

17. 4-17 Personal Information Managers End user productivity and collaboration –Used in PDAs –Information about clients –Schedules, appointments, tasks –Access the Web and e-mail –Team collaboration Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook

18. 4-18 Groupware Collaborate on group assignments –E-mail, discussion groups, databases, video conferencing Lotus Notes Novell GroupWise Microsoft Exchange –Some allow teams to create websites Windows SharePoint Services, WebSphere

19. 4-19 Software Alternatives Outsourcing –Domestic –Offshore Application service providers (ASPs) –Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resources –Use the application for a fee over the Internet –Pay-as-you-go –Use expected to accelerate

20. 4-20 Software Alternatives (Cont.) Cloud computing – services over the internet –Natural step from grid computing (Chapter 3) –Applications –Virtualized hardware resources Vendors of cloud services –SAP Business ByDesign, Salesforce.com, Google Apps, MidlandHR’s “iTrent as a Service” Advantages –Low barrier to entry –Cost Savings –More powerful software

21. 4-21 Software Licensing All COTS and ASP software is licensed –Intellectual property rights –Copyright –Trademark –Trade secrets –Traditional contract law Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) You buy license, not software –Protect the vendor’s property rights

22. 4-22 Software Licensing (Cont.) Can do –Sell software –Dispose of rights Can’t do –Duplicate –Resell multiple copies –Reverse engineer –Modifying –Disclosing –Transferring software

23. 4-23 Categories of Group Software System Management Programs –Manage the resources of a computer system –Examples: Operating systems Network management programs Database management systems System utilities System Development Programs –Helps develop IS programs and procedures and then prepare them for processing Language translators and editors CASE and programming tools

24. 4-24 Types of Application & System Software

25. 4-25 Applications-specific programs

26. 4-26 Types of Application & System Software

27. 4-27 Operating Systems Integrated system of programs that… –Provides interface between user and computer –Manages the operations of the CPU –Controls the input/output, storage resources, and activities of the computer system –Provides support for application programs Loaded first before other tasks

28. 4-28 Interface Between End Users and Computer

29. 4-29 Operating System Basic Functions

30. 4-30 Popular Operating Systems Windows –GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia –Microsoft’s operating system NT, XP, 2003, Vista, Windows 7 –Different versions manage servers Windows Server 2008 –Based on Vista –Release 2 to correct performance and security issues

31. 4-31 Popular Operating Systems Unix –AT&T –Multitasking, multi-user, network-managing –Portable across computer sizes Linux –Low-cost, powerful, reliable –Similar to Unix-like –Open-source –Flexible –Multiple machines

32. 4-32 Open-Source Licensing Characteristics The Program –Must allow distribution of Source code Compiled form The License –Shall not restrict selling or giving away –Must allow modifications –Must allow distribution –May restrict modified source code –Must not discriminate –Must not restrict other software distributed along with the licensed software

33. 4-33 Open-Source programs OpenOffice.org 2 –Sun Microsystems –Integrated office suite File formats compatible with other major suites

34. 4-34 Popular Operating Systems MAC OS X –Apple operating system for the iMac –Based on UNIX –GUI –Multitasking –Multimedia

35. 4-35 Application virtualization Allows software to run on a different operating system. Advantages –One machine acts like multiple machines Reduces the number of computers needed Energy savings Use software from multiple vendors

36. 4-36 Other System Software Utilities –Miscellaneous housekeeping functions –Example: Norton Utilities includes data backup, virus protection, data compression, etc. Performance Monitors –Keep computer running efficiently Security Monitors –Prevent unauthorized use of resources Middleware –Interface between an operating system and the application programs of users

37. 4-37 Types of Application & System Software

38. 4-38 Programming Languages

39. 4-39 Programming Languages

40. 4-40 Object-Oriented Languages Combines data elements and the procedures that will be performed upon them into objects –Data about a bank account and the procedures performed Interest calculations

41. 4-41 Web Languages HTML –Hypertext documents for the Web XML –Identifying tags or contextual labels –Digital publishing Cheaper, faster Java –Object-oriented –Simple, secure, and platform independent –Java applets on any computer JEE6 – Java Enterprise Edition 6 Microsoft.NET

42. 4-42 How Web Services Work

43. 4-43 Language Translator Programs Convert human instructions into computer instructions. Assembler –Translates assembler language statement Compiler –Translates high-level language statements Interpreter –Translates and executes one statement at a time

44. 4-44 Programming Tools Help identify and minimize errors –Graphical programming interfaces –Programming editors –Debuggers CASE Tools –Help in the software development process. Combine many programming tools into a single application with a common interface Used in different stages of the systems development process

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