1. ANIMAL BEHAVIOR Behavior…anything an animal does in response to a stimulus

2. INNATE BEHAVIOR Inherited behavior Instincts & reflexes
Behavior an animal is born with
EX: suckling; building nests, migrating, defending territory

3. Innate Behavior Taxis – animal moves toward or away from a stimulus
Ex. Insect moving toward or away from light
Positive light taxis

4. Innate Behavior REFLEX INSTINCT Automatic response to a stimulus
Pulling your hand away from heat
Jumping at a loud noise
Something you are born knowing to do
Building a nest
suckling

5. Innate Behavior MIGRATION
Moving to new location periodically (find food, mating partners)
Based on seasons, rain

6. Innate Behavior HIBERNATION – dormant (sleep-like state) in winter
Purpose????? Survive winters when there is little available food.

7. Innate Behavior
ESTIVATION – dormancy during periods of extreme heat or drought
Purpose???
conserve resources during extreme heat & droughtconditions
EXAMPLES…frogs, bees, hedgehogs, reptiles, snails

8. Innate Behavior AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR Animal intimidates another
Bird calling, growling, showing teeth
To defend food supply, territory, or young

9. Innate Behavior TERRITORIALITY Defending an area from another organism
Physical space used by an organism for feeding, breeding, or raising young
Reduces conflicts, controls population growth, provides efficient use of resources

10. Innate Behavior
PHEROMONES: chemicals that communicate information in other animals
Ants, bees use them to communicate
Urine contains pheromones
Often used to mark territory

11. Humans mark their territory too!

12. Innate Behavior COURTSHIP Rituals carried out to attract mates
Flashy dances, gestures, posturing, light signals
Specific to each species
Helps organisms find mates of their species

13. FIGHT OR FLIGHT
Response to a perceived attack, harm, or threat to survival.
Cats arch their backs at the smell of a rival; mice scurry at the scent of a fox

14. Social Behavior “pecking order”
DOMINANCE HIERARCHY
“pecking order”
In social groups, there is a state of “seniority”
Alpha males/females

15. Social Behavior Communication in social insects using pheromones.
COMMUNICATION is both INNATE & LEARNED

16. Learned Behavior Acquired behavior Behavior changes through practice
Trial & error
Allows for adaptation to change; therefore important in survival

17. Learned Behavior TRIAL & ERROR Practice makes perfect
Learn to exhibit a behavior based on a reward

18. Learned Behavior HABITUATION
an animal becomes accustomed to a stimulus through prolonged and regular exposure
Ex: you don’t notice a clock chiming in your house, the refrigerator or heat/air coming on; but you do when you’re at someone else’s house!

19. Learned Behavior IMPRINTING Learning based on early experience
Bonding shortly after birth
Once occurred, cannot be changed
Keeps young animals close to mother who protects and feeds them

20. Learned Behavior CONDITIONING Learning by association
Dogs or cats come to their food bowl when they hear the can opener
Students change class when they hear bell