WORLD WAR II.

WORLD WAR II

World War II World War II Dictators ruling Europe Hitler in Germany
Mussolini in Italy Stalin in Russia

Europe on the brink of war (AGAIN)
1933- Germany has rearmed and rebuilt their industry 1936- Germany and Italy allied forming Axis Power alliance 1936 Japan and Germany agree to work together to stop spread of Communism

Germanys’ aggression in Europe
Germany annexed Austria

France and Great Britain took no action
Another violation of Treaty of Versailles What might have happened if they took some action against the aggression?

World War II Sudetenland part of Czechoslovakia
Hitler believed it was part of Germany

3 million Germans lived there Hitler threaten to invade Sudetenland to protect German citizens from harm.

France and Great Britain take action
Is it a military confrontation? No 1938 Munich Conference September 29, 1938

Britain and France agreed to allow Hitler and Germany to annex the Sudetenland Was this a good decision?

Appeasement Policy of accepting demands of an aggressor in an attempt to avoid war

Neville Chamberlain “Peace in our Time”

France would not protect Czechoslovakia
March 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia and Lithuania Mussolini invaded Albania

Britain and France prepare
Stage is set for war Britain and France prepare Hitler aware of the problem of a two front war signs a NON AGRESSION PACT With Stalin and Russia

Germany and Russia started secret talks while Germany was negotiating with Great Britain and France.
Terms of Non Aggression pact: Will not attack each other Will remain neutral if either is attacked

What was not announced to the
world: Hitler and Stalin agreed to divide parts of Eastern Europe Germany – Western Poland Soviets - Eastern Poland, Baltic countries

What advantage did Germany gained advantage of Neutrality of Russia
WORLD WAR II What advantage did Germany gained advantage of Neutrality of Russia

WORLD WAR II Invasion of Poland Port city of Danzig Was under joint Polish and German control

WORLD WAR II September 1, 1939 annexed city At same time massive attack on Poland Air Land Blitzkrieg

WORLD WAR II Hermann Goering

WORLD WAR II

Luftwaffe German Air Force
WORLD WAR II Luftwaffe German Air Force Bombed Poland Land forces invaded Poland Luftwaffe destroyed all of Poland old aircrafts Disrupted railroads

WORLD WAR II Poland fell in three weeks

WORLD WAR II German Aircraft Stukas Bombed Poland Airfields

WORLD WAR II Britain reacts

WORLD WAR II Britain and France honored agreement to protect Poland September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany after Germany refused to answer ultimatum from England

WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II WAR EXPANDS
Hitler’s invasion of Poland introduced new warfare Blitzkrieg (Lightning war) Great speed along with Great force

WORLD WAR II Poland surrendered within a month Elsewhere in Europe there was troop movement But little else

WORLD WAR II Blockades but not much fighting On western front Newspaper dubbed it “Phony War” There was hope that war could be avoided

WORLD WAR II Soviets then invaded Eastern Poland Poland again disappeared from map Soviets then attacked Finland

WORLD WAR II Finland fought hard but fell to the Soviets in 1940 Next on Germany attack list was Norway and Denmark They fell to Germany in a single day

WORLD WAR II Germany now had complete access to Atlantic Ocean U-Boats again put British shipping in danger France also was in danger of losing merchant ships

WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II In Britain Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister

He was outspoken against appeasement
WORLD WAR II He was outspoken against appeasement By end of May 1940 Hitler controlled Netherlands Luxembourg Belgium

WORLD WAR II Hitler is in position to surround France

1st TURNING POINT OF WORLD WARII RESCUE AT DUNKIRK

WORLD WAR II British forces were in France German tanks drove toward the English Channel British forces retreated from French city Dunkirk

WORLD WAR II Germany made a mistake by not attacking the retreating forces 330,000 troops retreated back to England With Germany not attacking the troops it gave England a chance to regroup

WORLD WAR II FALL OF FRANCE
France stood alone after British evacuation France was expecting same type of warfare as World War I Hitler attack on France was aggressive air and land

WORLD WAR II France had no chance in defeated Germany Italy now declared war on France and England June 14, 1940 Germany enters France

WORLD WAR II Fall of France
France could not defend their country France surrendered France signed a treaty with Germany

WORLD WAR II Germany would occupy France France paid the cost of occupation France disarmed Government of France was moved out of Paris to Vichy

The Vichy Government cooperated with the Germans Résistance
WORLD WAR II The Vichy Government cooperated with the Germans Résistance Charles de Gaulle Led the Free French Government

Headquarters were in London Inside France underground
WORLD WAR II Headquarters were in London Inside France underground Groups fought called marquis They used acts of sabotage Blowing up bridges Wrecking trains as they crossed

Cutting communication lines
WORLD WAR II Cutting communication lines Were they terrorists, patriots or guerilla or freedom fighters?

WORLD WAR II They did not defeat Germans but caused havoc

France has fallen BATTLE OF BRITAIN Hitler began bombing England
Hitler offered Churchill a settlement He refused Luftwaffe bombed Britain

This was to soften Britain for invasion across the English Channel
WORLD WAR II This was to soften Britain for invasion across the English Channel Luftwaffe stationed airplanes in France and Belgium Closer to England

2ND TURNING POINT OF WORLD WAR II BATTLE OF BRITAIN

WORLD WAR II Attacked Military targets Railroads Industry Civilians
Raids became known as “Battle of Britain”

WORLD WAR II Hitler believed the constant bombardment of London and other cities in England would destroy Britain’s will to fight Britain held on

WORLD WAR II And the RAF began to repel attacks Radar help give Britain warning that an attack was coming Britain air defense inflicted damage to the German Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe seemed invincible
WORLD WAR II The Luftwaffe seemed invincible The loss of air supremacy and stopped Germany from crossing the English Channel

WORLD WAR II The air war continued and Hitler increased the blockade of England He thought he could “starve” England into surrendering Roosevelt and Churchill met in August 1941

WORLD WAR II They agreed to the Atlantic Charter The United States involvement was short of a declaration of war on Germany

WORLD WAR II U.S. agreed to send supplies to England
U.S. supported England short of going to war Hitler had suffered a setback with the inability to defeat Britain quickly as he had defeated all of Western Europe

WORLD WAR II Hitler still had his master plan and needed the Soviet Union for there abundance of natural resources and million of acres of land for his expansion plans

3RD TURNINGPOINT OF WORLD WARII ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR

Japan Pearl Harbor Aggressive in China and Southeast Asia America
Isolationist

Pearl Harbor Tension building in 1930’s between United States and Japan

Pearl Harbor Economic Unbalance in China Open Door Policy threaten with Japan invasion of China

Pearl Harbor Japan and Nanking Reign of terror on China

Pearl Harbor 1940 Japan signed Tri-Partite Treaty Germany, Italy and Japan were now allied

Apparent that this policy must be changed
Pearl Harbor Apparent that this policy must be changed Granted diplomatic recognition to Russia Initally America wanted to be neutral

Japan and United States negotiations failed during summer of 1941
Pearl Harbor Japan and United States negotiations failed during summer of 1941

Japan attacked United States Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 Japan attacked United States Pearl Harbor

Surprise attack on Pacific Fleet
Pearl Harbor Surprise attack on Pacific Fleet Planned on delivering a fatal blow to United States ability to fight

Pearl Harbor Attack was devastating However it failed two major objectives United States aircraft carriers were not at Pearl Harbor

Japanese planes failed to destroy fuel depots behind airport

Pearl Harbor

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Pearl Harbor

Next day Roosevelt declared war on Japan
Pearl Harbor Next day Roosevelt declared war on Japan Germany then declared war on United States

United States was now involved in the conflict
Pearl Harbor United States was now involved in the conflict

United States fighting a three front war European theater
World War II United States fighting a three front war European theater Pacific theater Home front

4TH TURNINGPOINT OF WORLD WARII BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC

World War II European Front
BATTLE OF ATLANTIC

Allies: War not going well Atlantic Ocean Industry could not replace ships fast enough

Germany produced 6 times as many U-Boats as were sunk Many United States ships were lost off coast of United States

Germany was victorious in the early years of the war Tide turns

Technical advancements Sonar

Advancements in depth charges

ENIGMA German coding machine and code book was captured

the enigma device was captured by the British, from the U-110 German U-Boat.

Now allies knew where U-Boats were and could steer away or escort ships could be increased

Atlantic was now more secured supplies could be delivered

WORLD WAR II Also US was building ships at a fast pace Tide turned in the Atlantic in 1943 keeping supply lines opened to Europe

WORLD WAR II EUROPEAN FRONT
Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss war plans Europe and Hitler were more of threat than Japanese

WORLD WAR II Europe would be an offensive front Pacific would be a defensive war

5TH TURNINGPOINT OF WORLD WAR II Battle of Stalingrad

WORLD WAR II EASTERN FRONT OPERATION BARBAROSSA
Hitler ordered military plan for invading USSR Included not only military conquest but “ethnic cleansing” He was going to rid USSR of their Jews and intellectuals

World War II Hitler postponed attack on Russia because of an uprising in Yugoslavia

WORLD WAR II Hitler planned on a quick strike and conquest Hitler needed land and resources for his Master Race June 22,1941 Germany invaded USSR

WORLD WAR II His Blitzkrieg was slowed after initial success USSR did not have good roads and the mechanized divisions were slowed

WORLD WAR II Soviets were routed early and used scorched earth policy in their retreat Moscow and Leningrad (formerly St. Petersburg)

WORLD WAR II Hitler expected quick surrender but Soviets fought to last man Hitler plan for early surrender Were dashed by what?

WORLD WAR II Soviet winter German army was within miles of Moscow Never was able to take over city

Oil reserves for army and Third Reich
WORLD WAR II Stalingrad Needed to be taken by Germany At all costs Oil reserves for army and Third Reich

WORLD WAR II Soviets were to defend Stalingrad at all costs Another turning point of the war Symbol of the war for Soviets

WORLD WAR II Germany fought and Soviets defended for six months Street fighting house to house fighting in Stalingrad Germany tried to starve Stalingrad

WORLD WAR II Eventually Soviets launched counter attack and surrounded German army The German army surrendered to the Soviets

World War II First land defeat of the German Army

6TH TURNING POINT OF WORLD WARII NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY

Allied Supreme commander Dwight D. Eisenhower
World War II North Africa Allied Supreme commander Dwight D. Eisenhower Great administrator and Battle planner little command experience

World War II Operation Torch November 1942

War in North Africa Important to Allies Needed to reclaim Europe Attack “soft underbelly” of German control

Suez Canal was critical to both Axis and Allies Held by Axis

German commander Erwin Rommel Desert Fox

Allied Commanders Montgomery = Britain

Became a war of armor

El Alamein and were defeated by Allies
World War II Rommel Afrikakorps Rommel drove to El Alamein and were defeated by Allies

Rommel retreated and ambushed Allied troops at Kasserine Pass

Rommel was able to break through weak allied defenses
World War II Kasserine Pass Rommel was able to break through weak allied defenses

Allies outnumbered Axis tanks
Rommel countered inflicted heavy losses on Allies

Caused Allies to rethink Allied command Appointed George Patton
World War II Kasserine Pass defeat Caused Allies to rethink Allied command Appointed George Patton

Rommel was short on supplies but continued to fight
World War II Rommel was short on supplies but continued to fight Allies broke Germans defense

Rommel wanted to withdraw and regroup Hitler ordered him to continue
World War II Rommel wanted to withdraw and regroup Hitler ordered him to continue Rommel withdrew unable to hold on

Morocco World War II Allies needed to control Mediterranean Sea
Could attack Hitler from soft underbelly

Intense fighting Allies were able to drive off Germans
World War II Invasion of Morocco Naval concentration Intense fighting Allies were able to drive off Germans

WORLD WAR II Patton from the east Montgomery from the west pushed Rommel and Germans out of North Africa

Dwight Eisenhower

George Patton

WORLD WAR II Allies then concentrated on Italy in 1943 Sicily was first

Sicily was stepping stone for allied attacks in Europe
World War II Sicily was stepping stone for allied attacks in Europe Operation Husky amphibious attack on Sicily July 1943

A storm blew many of first invaders off course
World War II Surprised Italians A storm blew many of first invaders off course Allied planes were mistaken for German planes and shot down

Despite setbacks German response was quick and punishing
World War II Despite setbacks German response was quick and punishing Almost drove allies out of Sicily

Allies were able to defeat Germans gained control of Sicily
World War II Allies were able to defeat Germans gained control of Sicily

Russia then would deploy troops to attack Germany
World War II Russia then would deploy troops to attack Germany Weakening the German army in the east

World War II Battle of Salerno Germany defended Salerno Battle was going in Germany Favor Reinforced allied troops

Plus Germany too thin and stretched unable to add reinforcements
World War II Plus Germany too thin and stretched unable to add reinforcements After severe fighting Salerno was secured Next Naples

Naples was captured after defeating German resistance
World War II Winter Line Campaign Naples was captured after defeating German resistance

World War II Allies did not enough troops to defeat Germans Experienced troops were sent to England to prepare for invasion of France Battle continued with no end until 1945

Allies invaded and Germany reinforced troops
World War II Battle of Anzio Allies invaded and Germany reinforced troops Anzio was a stalemate until late 1944

World War II At a cost tens of thousands of lives Anzio was finally in Allied hands Cassino next Allies under extreme German defense took control

Rome was taken and became the first major city liberated from Germany
World War II Rome was taken and became the first major city liberated from Germany

World War II All the time Battles for Italy bombing of Germany was underway Carpet bombing of German cities depleted Germany ability

To wage war because of heavy damage to industrial cities
World War II To wage war because of heavy damage to industrial cities Unsung heroes of WWII Tuskegee Airman

African American pilots 99th pursuit squadron
World War II African American pilots 99th pursuit squadron Highly successful protecting U.S. bombers

7th turning point of World II
D-Day

WORLD WAR II Invasion of Europe and Liberation of France Operation Overlord Invasion of Northern France June 6, 1944 D-Day

Patton used as deception at Calais
Germany believed that Calais was where the Allies would attack

Allies attacked on June 6 1944
Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword all beachheads attacked

WORLD WAR II Omaha Beach Invasion of Beach head caused many casualties

Omaha was the largest assault
It covered a stretch of over 6 miles A third of the beach was defended by a 10 foot high seawall and was over-looked by cliffs that were 170 foot high in places.

Meet tremendous resistance
Finally allied troops broke through and secured beaches American casualties 2,400 Allies continued assault finally on August 25, 1944 entered Paris

WORLD WAR II Battle of the Bulge Or the ARDENNES OFFENSIVE December 16, 1944 1.5 million troops fought German and Allied Forces Winter Battle

WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II Germans wanted to surround Allies and force a settlement Largest land battle of World War II The battle lasted until January 1945

WORLD WAR II Allies rallied to defeat the Germans Germany had expended air power trying to eliminate air power of Allies They failed and the Battle of the Bulge was a victory for Allies

WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II Yalta Conference Big 3 Meet in Yalta Roosevelt Churchill
Stalin Big 3 Meet in Yalta

WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II Met to discuss post war Europe Reestablished Poland borders Some thought Roosevelt appeased Stalin Roosevelt was extremely ill

United States and England wanted a free Poland
World War II Poland United States and England wanted a free Poland Stalin insisted on a Communist Government

Poland had either invaded Russia or Poland was used to invade Russia
WORLD WAR II Poland had either invaded Russia or Poland was used to invade Russia Stalin did not want that to happen again

WORLD WAR II Roosevelt and Churchill agreed reluctantly Also Russia would control for a short period of time Hungary Czechoslovakia Albania

WORLD WAR II Stalin promised free elections in these countries if he had temporary control of these countries

WORLD WAR II Soviets agreed to enter war within 3 months of end of war in Europe IMPORTANT to the invasion of Japan more on that later

World War II Germany would be divided into 4 parts with each of the allies and France getting a portion United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union

World War II Stalin wanted German reparations Churchill and Roosevelt refused to agree and tabled issue for later discussion

WORLD WAR II The three also agreed to try Germany of War Crimes Nuremburg Trials accomplished this

Yalta last agreement Russia due to the heavy causalities in the war was allowed to take Berlin over Patton objections

U. S. forces went south as Russia took Berlin
Hitler believed he would be treated better if U.S. forces were allowed to take Berlin

WORLD WAR II April 12, 1945 Warm Springs Georgia after Yalta Death of President Roosevelt

WORLD War II Harry S Truman is President

WORLD WAR II By end of April Germany surrendered to Allies in Italy Army was weakened and could not defend Berlin Stalin was allowed to take Berlin

WORLD WAR II As Russian troops advancing to Berlin Hitler, Eva Braun and close associates committed suicide in his bunker

WORLD WAR II May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders

WORLD WAR II Victory in Europe War was over in Europe but not in Pacific

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II December 8, 1941 United States entered World War II Roosevelt Speech “Day that will in infamy”

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II War Powers Act December 18,1941 Gave Roosevelt overall authority of everything in WWII

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II 1941 War Production Board
Awarded Defense contracts Managed scarce resources

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Ended the Great Depression Economy doubled

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Office of Price Administration
Froze prices and rents Charge of overall economy

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Preparing for all out industrial war production All factories converted to military equipment Automobile factories to tanks and planes

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Soft drink company converted from filling soda bottles to shells with explosives Pencil factory to bomb parts

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Ship yards expanded Labor Women to the rescue 6 million 60% of what men earned

Took the place of men fighting
HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Worked in factories Took the place of men fighting

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Rosie the Riveter

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II War was popular Common enemies
Japan and Germany

Mobilization of armed forces
HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Mobilization of armed forces ,000 ,000,000

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Home Front Selective Service Recruiting offices jammed 5 million who volunteered were not enough

Two front war needed another 10 million soldiers
HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Two front war needed another 10 million soldiers Japanese Americans joined African Americans joined Limited at first to non combat roles

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II 1943 finally saw action Segregated from white troops

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Tuskegee Airmen

OSRD Office of Scientific Research and Development
HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Scientific community OSRD Office of Scientific Research and Development radar Sonar

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Penicillin Wonder drug 1942 also started Manhattan project

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Economic Conditions Price controls
Wage controls Rationing Fuel rubber goods Metals Plastics

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II War bonds to raise money

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II WPD Organized paper drives nationwide
Scrap iron Total effort for war

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Culture Propaganda movies Evils of Fascism
Heroic War Movies

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II War Cartoons Bugs Bunny

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Japanese Internment All Japanese were bad Some Germans were good Italians same

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Americans saw the Japanese as a threat Hearst Newspapers demanded protection for spies

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Executive order 9066
was the instrument that allowed military commanders to designate areas "from which any or all persons may be excluded." Under this order all Japanese and Americans of Japanese ancestry were removed from Western coastal regions to guarded camps in the interior. :

West Coast was vulnerable War Department Plan
HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II West Coast was vulnerable War Department Plan Internment camps set up away from west coast

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Supreme Court Upheld Hirabayshi v United States Korematsu v United States

Japanese Internment Camps Tule Lake, CA
HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II Japanese Internment Camps Tule Lake, CA

Holocaust

Holocaust Hitler invasion of Europe and Soviet Union was part of Master Plan “New World Order” Europe would be under Hitler’s

Holocaust Needed living space for Master Race To have master race ethnic and religious cleansing was necessary

Holocaust Ayrian race was superior Russia would supply Third Reich with food and natural resources including oil Russians were inferior

Holocaust Hitler scapegoat was the Jewish population
He first tried to deport Jews out Germany Not many countries accepted the large number of immigrants Passed Nuremberg Laws

Holocaust (a) to clarify the requirements of citizenship in the Third Reich, (b) to assure the purity of German blood and German honor and (c) to clarify the position of Jews in the Reich. These three laws, passed on September 15, 1935, and the numerous auxiliary laws which followed them are called the Nuremberg Laws.

Holocaust Second isolation of Jews in Ghettos Finally the Jewish problem was to be eliminated Final Solution

Holocaust First they shot the Jews Not efficient Messy and too public

Holocaust 1942 Wannese Conference Set up concentration camps Germany
Dachau Buchenwald

Holocaust Dachau

Holocaust

Holocaust BUCHENWALD

Holocaust Poland Auschwitz Treblinka

Holocaust As they were led into camps Sorted into groups Old, infirmed, or unable to work were sent to “showers” In reality they were Gas chambers

Holocaust Those not killed Worked forced labor Starved
Lived under brutal conditions Disease

Holocaust Killed millions Deposed of bodies in crematory after mass graves proved ineffective Some people in Germany and other countries tried to help

Holocaust There was not enough uprisings to stop killing
Denmark did help Raoul Wallenberg saved thousands

Holocaust

Holocaust WHITE ROSE Anti Nazi group of students and was secret

Holocaust Ultimately 6 million people Jews, Gypsy Slavs And those who did not confirm to Nazism

Auschwitz Belzec Bergen-Belsen Buchenwald Chelmno Dachau Ebensee Flossenbürg Gurs Gusen Majdanek Mauthausen Neuengamme Plaszow Ravensbrück Rivesaltes Sachsenhausen Stutthof Theresienstadt Treblinka Trzebnia (sub-camp of Auschwitz) Vught Westerbork

Holocaust Henrich Himmler

Holocaust Adolph Eichman

Holocaust Jewish specialist Assigned to eliminate Jews Following orders After no gassing order he continued to eliminate Jews

Holocaust Convicted and executed in 1962 In Israel

Holocaust

Holocaust Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Holocaust

WORLD WAR II PACIFIC FRONT
Early victories for Japan Singapore Philippines Guam Midway

Wake Island Hong Kong Malaya Bataan

Bataan Death March 65 mile march prisoners were denied food water Thousands died on march

Thousands more died in the camp One of the most brutal and devastating events in war

1st Turning point of World War II Pacific Front Doolittle Raids

Doolittle Raids 16 B-25

Col Jimmy Doolittle Doolittle Raids April 18th

Bombed three Japanese cities Tokyo Yokohamma Kobe

More of a psychological victory Japan seemed invincible with early victories Put some doubt in Japanese defense

Japan feeling that they divinely protected That was shattered

Did not know where the planes came from Damage was not great but caused Japan to strengthen to defend island

AXIS or Japanese Plan 3 step attack of Japan Air control of Coral Sea Then to occupy Midway Then Aleutian islands

Wanted to lure United States Navy into a sea battle Intent to destroy the entire Pacific fleet

Third Step New Caledonia Fiji And Samoa

Isolating Australia 1st step Battle of Coral Sea 2nd step Battle of Midway 3rd Step never happened

2nd Turning point of World War II Pacific Front Battle of Coral Sea

WORLD WAR II PACIFIC FRONT BATTLE OF CORAL SEA

May 3 and May 8 1st Battle in history that a naval battle where ships did not fire on each other Commandeer

Japanese Force 7 transports, 5 five destroyers, 1 light aircraft carrier, Shoho, 2 fleet carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku

United States Ships 13 destroyers, 8 cruisers, 4 light cruisers and 2 aircraft carriers, USS Lexington and USS Yorktown

Air battle Both sides had trouble locating ships United States had radar Unknown to Japanese

Carrier Yorktown damaged Lexington damage and sunk Japan lost 43 aircraft and aircraft carrier Shoho

Lexington

Shokaku_Bombed

Japanese losses were less But were not able to advance in the Pacific Australia was safe Plan to invade Port Moresby were dashed by Coral Sea victory

3rd Turning point of World War II Pacific Front
Battle of Midway

Strategic victory for United States Aircraft carrier had now replaced battleship as the backbone of Navy

BATTLE OF MIDWAY June Japan planned to invade Midway Island

United States had the Japanese codes and knew of the attack Carrier battle and air battle

Effective dive bombers of United States

Three Japanese carriers were sunk Akagi, Kaga, and Soryu

Japanese submarines sunk the Yorktown

United States losses Yorktown and Hammann sunk Planes: About 150 lost in action or damaged beyond repair. 92 officers and 215 men.

Four carriers sunk: Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, with the loss of all their planes and many of their personnel. Estimated 275 planes, 2400 men.

Results of Battle of Midway End of the Japan’s offensive movement by their Navy United States was able to built up their Navy while Japan could not

Japan and her Naval advantage was now gone

4th Turning Point of World War II Pacific Front Battle of Gudalcanal

Battle of Guadalcanal First offensive land attack of Pacific campaign Began the reclamation of captured Japanese Territories

August to February 9, 1943

Important for shipping of supplies Vicious fighting for months Japanese supplies were cut by Allied bombings

Battle was the first United States and Allied victory on land and was a critical victory for planned Island Hopping Campaign

Island Hopping continued Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, Marshall Islands

5th Turning point of World War II Pacific Front
Battle of Leyte Gulf

Battle of Philippine Sea Needed to recapture Philippine Islands United States devastated Japan airfields thus limiting the effect of air attacks

Japan also lost a majority of their aircraft Another devastating defeat for Japan and her Navy

Led to the recapture of Philippines and airfields to Launch air bombings of Japanese mainland

Cities in Japan were firebombed Tokyo, Kawasaki, Yokohama

Battle of Leyte Gulf October to November 1944 Considered the largest naval battle in history First use of Kamikaze planes by Japanese

Series of Naval Battles Palawan Passage Surigao Strait Battle of Sibuvan Sea Battle of Sumar Battle of Cape Engano Battle of Ormac Bay

The United States inflicted heavy losses again on the Imperial navy of Japan

6th Turning Point of World War II
Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Okinawa and Iwo Jima Battle of Iwo Jima February 16, March 16, 1945

Vicious fighting Japanese held out to last man Needed for its location for bombing of Japan mainland Emergency landing strip for US aircraft

Taken by Joe Rosenthal

Okinawa Last major land battle of the war Needed to launch invasion of Japan

Operation Downfall Journalist and war reporter Ernie Pyle was killed on island

Tremendous loss of life

JAPANESE 76,000+ soldiers killed and 27,000 civilians killed, 7,455 surrendered/captured

United States causalities 18,900+ killed, 38,000 wounded + 33,096 non combat wounded, 763 planes shot down

Last major step before invasion of Japan

June 20, 1945 Japanese surrendered

Potsdam Conference Finalized plan to Divide Germany

End of WORLD WAR II

World War II Pacific Front
7th Turning Point of World War II Decision to drop Atomic Bomb

End of WORLD WAR II Manhattan Project Building and testing of Atomic Bomb

End of WORLD WAR II Robert Oppenheimer Developed project in complete secrecy Vice-President Truman did not know of project

End of WORLD WAR II Bomb was tested July 16, 1945 in New Mexico Test was successful

End of WORLD WAR II Decision to drop bomb: Next step in Pacific was invasion of Japan Truman and military leaders feared Japan would fight to last man, woman and child

End of WORLD WAR II Soviets were to enter into war in Pacific 3 months after surrender of Germany Stalin stalled on entering war

3 paths Truman considered
End of WORLD WAR II 3 paths Truman considered drop the bomb over Pacific to Japanese what they could expect Invade Japan Drop bomb on Japan

End of WORLD WAR II Decided to drop Atomic bomb on Japan August 6, 1945 Fat Man and Little Boy

End of WORLD WAR II Enola Gay

End of WORLD WAR II August 6, 1945 Hiroshima

End of WORLD WAR II Hiroshima 100,000 deaths from initial explosion Many more died from radiation poisoning 60,000 died at Nagasaki

End of WORLD WAR II

End of WORLD WAR II August 9, 1945 Nagasaki bombed

End of WORLD WAR II Japan offered to surrender August 10, 1945 The Emperor in the first radio broadcast told Japanese people that Japan was surrendering

End of WORLD WAR II First time ever Japanese people actually heard their Emperor speak

End of WORLD WAR II Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945 Unconditional except Emperor was allowed to stay

End of WORLD WAR II World War II was over

WORLD WAR II.

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