1. The Age of Enlightenment The Philosophes

2. Niccolo Machiavelli In his book The Prince Machiavelli argues that the best type of government is one that…………………..

3. Is the most ruthless, deceitful and conniving The Prince was a blueprint for dictatorship Dictatorship – a type of government that governs without the consent of the governed Dictators do this by keeping their subjects scared, hungry, poor, and uneducated

4. Conservative – promotes traditional institutions and gradual and slow change within society Liberal – promotes change in society and a move away from traditions Moderate – promotes a position that is in between the liberal and conservative positions Radical – promotes a position that is outside of the positions of liberal and conservative

5. L C M R R Starting Point Wants to move away from starting point Wants to go back to a previous starting point

6. Thomas Hobbes In his book Leviathan Hobbes explains the social contract theory which he describes as………………….. Humans unite into political societies by a process of mutual consent in which they agree to abide by the laws in return for protection from violence

7. Nature is chaos because humans are self interested beings So humans enter into civil society by “signing “ a social contract Humans give up their rights in return for security Abuse of authority is the price to pay for safety The best type of government is absolute monarchy

8. Conservative Liberal

9. John Locke In his book The Second Treatises of Government Locke argued that when humans are born they are a………………. It's your duty

10. Tabula Rasa Or Blank slate, that we have no innate knowledge, rather we go through life acquiring knowledge through our senses and perceptions, therefore if all humans are blank slates then we are all…….

11. Locke is the first to philosopher to state that “all men are created equal”, it was an extremely radical idea for it’s time

12. Because we are born as “blank slates” the we are individuals that we have created ourselves. We own our bodies, our minds and the time that we spend on this Earth Because of this we are born with three rights, life, liberty and estate. Government did not give us these rights, nature gave us these rights. Humans created government in order to protect these rights.

13. Locke goes on to say that if the government does not protect these rights, it is the duty of the people to overthrow the government and create one that will protect those rights

14. Nature’s creator gives all humans three natural rights at birth, life, liberty and estate Because of this all men are created equal Humans create government to protect those rights If that government doesn’t protect those rights it is the duty of the people to overthrow it The best type of government is a constitutional democratic republic

18. Constitution Legal Code Invaders

19. Voltaire Voltaire spent most of his life in and out of jail because of his religion and things that he said so he wrote that best type of government is one that gives it’s people the………………….

20. Freedom of Religion And Freedom of Speech

21. Montesquieu Montesquieu argued that the best type of government is one that………………..

22. Has separate branches of government, one that makes the law, one that enforces the law and one that judges those who have been accused of breaking the law. To ensure that the government does not become corrupt it should be chosen by the people and the government should educate the people to ensure they choose good and honest leaders. The people also need to be educated so they are able to realize when the government is taking advantage of them

23. G People Education Good Leaders

24. Humans acquire property in order to maximize pleasure, so a government should leave people free to acquire property David Hume Property

25. Adam Smith Smith spent fifteen years traveling around Europe studying the economies of each country. In his book The Wealth of Nations Smith argued that the best type of government is one that………………………

26. The government that governs least governs the best

27. Free Market Capitalism (Laissez Faire Capitalism) an economic system in which prices and wages are determined by unrestricted competition between businesses, without government interference.

28. Spontaneous Order

29. Allows people the freedom to pursue there own self interests which in turn benefits the society as a whole. This allows for competition which brings out the best in man and allows for the “invisible hand” of demand to decide what things society wants and what it does not want

30. The free market rules and will fix itself The government should not interfere in the economy

31. Every single day we vote on what we want Using……………………..

33. Wealth is like a pie It is created by people and the bigger it is the more people get to eat it The wealthy haven’t stolen their piece of the pie from the poor They have just baked a bigger pie

34. The one thing the government should do is protect our property and our right to own property -Personal ownership of property (deeds, titles, wills etc.) - laws against harming or destroying property (vandalism, stealing) - take very little property from us (low taxes) - have as little interference as possible in the trade of property (regulations) - settle disputes about property (lawsuits) - Protect intellectual property (patents, trademarks, copyrights)

35. Patent – ownership of an idea or invention and the rights to that idea Copyright – ownership of literary, artistic or musical property Trademark – ownership of a name, symbol or picture that represents a company

36. Adam Smith is considered the Father of………………

37. Capitalism He didn’t invent it, he just explained it

38. Classical Liberalism the political ideology that advocates personal, political economic and religious freedom with a limited government under the rule of law and Political Freedom Personal Freedom Economic Freedom Religious Freedom

39. Jean-Jacques Rousseau In his book the Social Contract Rousseau argues that…………………….. Let Us Unite

40. Nature is a cruel and ruthless place Because of this humans enter into the social contract in order to cooperate and survive The creation of private property and religion ruined everything and man had to create law So government only protects those with property and it is unfair Humans have to “throw off chains of society” to find the will of the people The best form of government is a small direct democracy with no private property

41. Money, Religion, Work and Marriage are the chains of society, art, music and free love will unchain us

42. Maximillian Robespierre

43. Modern Liberalism The belief that government should take an active role in ensuring social equality amongst it’s citizens by addressing economic and social issues that lead to inequality Equality = Harmony

44. Modern Conservative (Classical Liberalism) Modern Liberalism ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

45. Tyranny Oligarchy Democracy Machiavelli Authority Liberty More, Hobbes and Rousseau Locke, Smith, Voltaire, Hume Montesquieu