1. Structural Damage Categories ► LIGHT  Safe to enter and remain ► MODERATE  Hazardous to enter  Enter only to save lives ► HEAVY  Unsafe for CERT trained members to enter  Contact professional rescuers

2. Light Damage ► Superficial ► Cosmetics ► Fallen plaster ► Small cracks ► Primary damage to contents of structure

3. Moderate Damage ► Structural stability questionable ► Fractures greater than 1/4” ► Significant Tilting ► Foundation Movement or Displacement

4. Heavy Damage  Partial or total wall collapse  Ceiling failure  Obvious structural instability  X-cracking  Partial or total wall collapse  Ceiling failure  Obvious structural instability  X-cracking

5. X - CRACKING ► Questionable Stability ► Don’t enter ► Beware of the impact zone

6. Size-up Discussion

7. Single Family Home - Pre-1933  Foundation Movement  Not bolted down  Cripple wall failure  Utilities  Utility lines shear when home moves off foundation  Porches  Attached parts of homes will detach  Moderate damage expected

9. SFH - Hillside ► Unique hazards ► Ground failure ► Heavy damage expected ► Always treated as HEAVILY DAMAGED during periods of earthquake

10. Hillside - Cut & Fill ► Fractures homes at the original grade point

13. Shopping Centers

14. WOOD FRAMED APARTMENTS