1. The dilemma: Work as cause and solution in work related psychological complaints prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk

2. Work related psychological complaints Common mental disorders Burnout Adjustment disorders (anxiety, depressive, behavior) 8-12% report complaints related to burnout Week against workstress From manufacturing and agriculture to services prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

3. Work as Cause Michigan Stress Model (one dimensional) Karasek’s Job Demands Control Model (two dimensions) Effort Reward Imbalance Model Warr’s Vitamin Model Encompassed by Job Demands Resources Model prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

4. Work as a cause prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

5. Development From a focus on prevention To A focus on being healthy and productive A shift from work as something you should avoid, something that is bad for your health To Work that is good for your health prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

6. Meta-analysis prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma Klink, J.J.L. van der, Blonk, R.W.B., Schene, A.H., & Dijk, F.J.H. van (2001). American Journal of Public Health, 91, 270-286.

7. Work as solution Cognitive Behavior Therapy Graded exposure in vivo, in vitro Hours Tasks People prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma The concept of self-efficacy Sources of information Our own behavior Behavior of others Rewarding feedback

8. Work as solution prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma Klink, J.J.L. van der, Blonk, R.W.B., Schene, A.H., & Dijk, F.J.H. van. (2003). Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60, 429-437.

9. Work as solution RCT: Dual focus: Labour expert trained in CBT based Stress Management 5-6 sessions in 4 months Clinical psychologist CBT protocol (11 sessions in 4 months) No treatment control prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma Blonk, R.W.B., Lagerveld, S. E., Brenninkmeijer, V. & Houtman, I.L.D. (2006). Work & Stress, 20, 129-144.

10. Work as solution Partial RTW within 3 months, Combined intervention, Professional efficacy beliefs, Needed on the job prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

11. Work as solution prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma Lagerveld SE, Blonk RWB, Brenninkmeijer V, Wijngaards-de Meij L, Schaufeli WB. (2012). Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17, 220-234.

12. Work as solution Cognitive Behavior Therapy Graded exposure in vivo, in vitro Hours Tasks People The concept of self-efficacy Sources of information Our own behavior Behavior of others Rewarding feedback prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

13. Work as solution Dual focus Partial RTW as soon as possible Time contingent rather than complaints contigent Knowledge about the process of behavior change Small steps to success Techniques of cognitive change Variety of work aspects in graded exposure Tailored to the person Emphasizing the value of work in health and well being prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

14. The next step Changing (perspective on) work: work is good for your health We need to rethink the value and the content of work Work as resource for health and health as a resource to do the things people value Living Creativity Being part of prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

15. Amartya Sen Applying the Capability Approach for (is) Sustainable Employability Three meanings of the word can Can: capacity Can: opportunity or possibility Can: facilitate, allow Capabilities: a set beings and doings people have reason to value prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

16. Sustainable employability Sustainable employability implies that workers throughout their working life have real opportunities / a set of capabilities - and the necessary conditions - that allows them to achieve valuable work functioning in current and future work with preservation of health and welfare. This implies a work situation (task and context) that facilitates them, as well as the attitude and motivation to exploit these opportunities prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma

17. Thank you prof. dr. Roland W.B. Blonk The dilemma