1. Creating a Republican Culture 1790-1820
Chapter 8

2. Entrepreneurial Spirit
“If movement and the quick succession of sensations and ideas constitute life, here one lives a hundred fold more than elsewhere; here, all is circulation, motion, and boiling agitation.”
Entrepreneurial Spirit
Factors of Production:
“Experiment follows experiment; enterprise follows enterprise, riches and poverty follow.”

3. Banking Government sponsored land banks and credit from suppliers
Bank of North America (1781)
Bank issued notes
Commercial loans
1816 – $68m in banknotes in circulation
$45m in banknotes in circulation

4. Another Revolution Affects America
Manufacturing moved from
Power-driven machinery
Specialized workers
Industrial Revolution
Social and economic reorganization
Started in Great Britain

5. Transportation
1816
1831

6. The Commonwealth System
The American state legislatures passed measures they thought would be “of great public utility” and increase the “common wealth.”
Was this republican?

7. Cumberland (National Road)

8. Conestoga Covered Wagons
Conestoga Trail, 1820s

9. Erie Canal, 1820s
Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

10. Erie Canal System

11. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
1807: The Clermont

12. Principal Canals in 1840

13. Inland Freight Rates
Be careful reading the Y axis!

14. "The American System" Henry Clay’s American System:
1815 Madison urged Congress to develop a plan to unify the country
Henry Clay’s American System:
A strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit
A protective tariff (20-25%)
The Tariff of 1816
1st protective tariff
A network of roads and canals
Funded from tariff
*President Madison vetoed the bill to give states aid for infrastructure
Felt intrastate projects were unconstitutional 
Would unite the US and make it self-sufficient

15. The Missouri Compromise
introduced the compromise that decided whether or not Missouri would be admitted as a slave state.  Congress decided to:
Admit as a in 1820
, which was a part of Massachusetts, was to be admitted as a separate,
Therefore, there were slave states and free states
The Missouri Compromise by Congress banned slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of the line of , except for Missouri.

16. Slavery and the Sectional Balance
Amendment
And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been fully [duly] convicted; and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five Years.

17. The Missouri Compromise

18. The Second Great Awakening
“Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

19. The Rise of Popular Religion
In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country… Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States.
-- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832

20. “soul-shaking” conversion
Charles G. Finney (1792 – 1875)
The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation.
“soul-shaking” conversion
Converted had a duty to spread the word about personal salvation 

21. Second Great Awakening Revival Meeting

22. “The Benevolent Empire” 1825 - 1846

23. Second Great Awakening
1790 into 1840s
Rejection of Calvinist idea of predestination
Emphasized individual responsibility for salvation