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The fall of great empires and the arrive of the Conquistadors : Who are the Triangles? The fall of great empires and the arrive of the Conquistadors : Who are the Triangles?
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Play while students are entering http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/video s http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/video s Play while students are entering http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/video s http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/video s
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Conquistador Conquistador: Spanish explorers and conqueror
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The Aztec Call themselves Mexica (x makes a sh sound) Poor nomadic people Wander around and get kicked out of places Become soldiers for hire God of war Huitzilopochtli tells them to found a city of their own Call themselves Mexica (x makes a sh sound) Poor nomadic people Wander around and get kicked out of places Become soldiers for hire God of war Huitzilopochtli tells them to found a city of their own
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Tells the Mexica to look for an eagle perched on a cactus holding a snake They find this on a small island in Lake Texcoco Found their city there and name it Tenochtitlan No other groups really care - it’s a bad place to live
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Tenochtitlan The Mexica begin to better their city Drain marshes Bring in irrigation Build chinampas - floating gardens Add land to their island The Mexica begin to better their city Drain marshes Bring in irrigation Build chinampas - floating gardens Add land to their island
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The Triple Alliance Aztecs form alliance with two other city- states surrounding Lake Texcoco Texcoco Tlacopan Early 1500’s - empire of 80,000 square miles, 38 provinces, 5-15 million people Aztecs form alliance with two other city- states surrounding Lake Texcoco Texcoco Tlacopan Early 1500’s - empire of 80,000 square miles, 38 provinces, 5-15 million people
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Building an Empire Aztecs use war machine to conquer Loose political control Demand tribute - gold, maize, cacao beans, cotton, jade Use military as a punishment Aztecs use war machine to conquer Loose political control Demand tribute - gold, maize, cacao beans, cotton, jade Use military as a punishment
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Religion Dominates life much like the Maya Worship gods such as Quetzalcoatl, Huizilopochtli, Ehcatl, Xipe Totec Gods need blood to sustain life - huge amounts of human sacrifice take place Need to conquer more lands to get more captives for sacrifice - Flowery War Conquered nations not happy Dominates life much like the Maya Worship gods such as Quetzalcoatl, Huizilopochtli, Ehcatl, Xipe Totec Gods need blood to sustain life - huge amounts of human sacrifice take place Need to conquer more lands to get more captives for sacrifice - Flowery War Conquered nations not happy
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Xipe Totec Our Lord the Flayed One Very particular form of sacrifice demanded Gets the Aztec in big trouble early in their history Our Lord the Flayed One Very particular form of sacrifice demanded Gets the Aztec in big trouble early in their history
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Montezuma and Cortes
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The Spanish Conquest 1519 - Cortes lands off eastern coast of Mexico with 550 soldiers and sailors 16 horses are there as well - first ones ever in the New World Natives are not sure what to think - are these people gods or humans? 1519 - Cortes lands off eastern coast of Mexico with 550 soldiers and sailors 16 horses are there as well - first ones ever in the New World Natives are not sure what to think - are these people gods or humans?
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The Conquistadors Have steel swords Cannons Guns Horses Have steel swords Cannons Guns Horses
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Montezuma’s Dilemma Montezuma is the Aztec emperor What should he do with newcomers Are they the return of Quetzalcoatl? Has to be cautious - sends gifts to them and tells them not to bother traveling to Tenochtitlan Conquistadors continue inland - sporadic fighting occurs Montezuma is the Aztec emperor What should he do with newcomers Are they the return of Quetzalcoatl? Has to be cautious - sends gifts to them and tells them not to bother traveling to Tenochtitlan Conquistadors continue inland - sporadic fighting occurs
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Quetzalcoatl was described to be a white skinned man with a beard Cortez arrived during this celebration and looked like this god Quetzalcoatl was described to be a white skinned man with a beard Cortez arrived during this celebration and looked like this god
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Montezuma Lets Them In He is too indecisive Allows the conquistadors into Tenochtitlan and treats them as guests Conquistadors are shocked by what they see - good and bad He is too indecisive Allows the conquistadors into Tenochtitlan and treats them as guests Conquistadors are shocked by what they see - good and bad
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Cortez shocked by the human sacrifices said to get rid of destroy all ideals Aztecs PO Cortez took Montezuma prisoner Cortez found out Aztec killed some of his troops Cortez order Montezuma to burn all the soldiers involved in the attack were burned alive Cortez shocked by the human sacrifices said to get rid of destroy all ideals Aztecs PO Cortez took Montezuma prisoner Cortez found out Aztec killed some of his troops Cortez order Montezuma to burn all the soldiers involved in the attack were burned alive
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Cortez was obsessed with the gold Aztec had their fill of the Spanish and ran them out Aztec started to get small pox Spanish army reattached and conquered 80 days of a siege Cortez was obsessed with the gold Aztec had their fill of the Spanish and ran them out Aztec started to get small pox Spanish army reattached and conquered 80 days of a siege
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Spanish Regroup Conquistadors escape and regroup Take refuge with Tlaxcalan allies Attack Tenochtitlan again Divide conquistadors up and have a flotilla attack all at once Aztec are defeated Conquistadors escape and regroup Take refuge with Tlaxcalan allies Attack Tenochtitlan again Divide conquistadors up and have a flotilla attack all at once Aztec are defeated
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INCAS http://education- portal.com/academy/lesson/the-inca- civilization-pre-columbian-south- america.html http://education- portal.com/academy/lesson/the-inca- civilization-pre-columbian-south- america.html http://www.history.com/shows/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas http://www.history.com/shows/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas http://education- portal.com/academy/lesson/the-inca- civilization-pre-columbian-south- america.html http://education- portal.com/academy/lesson/the-inca- civilization-pre-columbian-south- america.html http://www.history.com/shows/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas http://www.history.com/shows/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas
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Exploring Spain explored from California to Florida Juan Ponce de Leon searched Legend of youthful water-never found DARN! Spain explored from California to Florida Juan Ponce de Leon searched Legend of youthful water-never found DARN! http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20081102125950/pirates/i mages/d/d6/Juan_Ponce_de_Leon.jpg
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Exploring DeSoto: searched the Southeast for gold He died Francisco Coronado: explored the southwest Lots of native resistance DeSoto: searched the Southeast for gold He died Francisco Coronado: explored the southwest Lots of native resistance
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Settling New Spain Conquistadors were bad rulers at first Three types of settlements Pueblos:towns; centers of trade Presidios: forts were soldiers lived Missions: religious settlements run by Catholic priests Conquistadors were bad rulers at first Three types of settlements Pueblos:towns; centers of trade Presidios: forts were soldiers lived Missions: religious settlements run by Catholic priests
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Social Classes Haciendas: Large land tracts Given to Peninsulares Haciendas: Large land tracts Given to Peninsulares
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Who is going to work land? Ecomiendas: land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Natives Social class system Start of Atlantic Slave Trade Ecomiendas: land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Natives Social class system Start of Atlantic Slave Trade http://9f1780.medialib.glogster.com/media/357a382c1179f7959ec74b2cad93b88e83ab76aa467b610834dd186df1f57797/social- classes.jpg
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Social Classes Peninsulares: born in Spain, highest jobs in gov & Church Creoles: people born in the Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos: Mixed Spanish & Indian Labor (enslaved & Natvies) Peninsulares: born in Spain, highest jobs in gov & Church Creoles: people born in the Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos: Mixed Spanish & Indian Labor (enslaved & Natvies)
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