1. Investigation of detectors for border traffic counts 5 th Bi-Annual Border to Border Transportation Conference Project sponsor—Center for International Intelligent Transportation Research Dan Middleton, Ph.D., P.E.

2. Outline Justification Background Study Methodology Detector selection Results Conclusions

3. Justification Existing Sources of Vehicle Count Data – CBP – TxDOT – Ports of Entry Why these sources are not sufficient – Permission not always granted – Granularity not sufficient – No control over quality of data

4. Background Tests conducted earlier – TAMU Riverside campus – Local streets in College Station – Bridge of the Americas – Ysleta/Zaragoza

5. Study Methodology Task 1. Investigate latest detectors Task 2. Conduct initial field tests Task 3. Conduct final field tests Task 4. Produce deliverables

6. Detector Selection Other technologies that were unsuitable – Laser scanners – Sidefire microwave detectors – Tracking video detectors – Wireless magnetometers Detectors selected – LED scanner – Wireless magnetometers – Wireless micro-radar

7. LED Scanner Easy to integrate 16 independent segments (zones) 45-degree beam 0 to 50 meter range Rapid data acquisition rate (50 Hz) Weather resistant enclosure

8. Wireless Magnetometers Range up to 6 ft Moderate to high speed Drill 4-inch diameter hole Communicates with roadside Designed for larger vehicles Battery life about 10 years Omni-directional

9. Wireless Micro-Radar Range up to 6 ft Slow speed only (<40 mph) Drill 4-inch diameter hole Communicates with roadside Designed for bicycles/pedestrians Battery life about 8 years Differentiates between bicycles and cars

10. Leddar IS16 Sensor Lanes 5 and 6 SN Micro-Radar Lanes 2 and 3 SN Micro-Radar Lane 2 Leddar IS16 Sensor YSLETA Car Entrance

11. Ysleta TRUCK SITE Leddar IS16 Sensor SN Micro-Radar

12. Leddar Results—Stop/Go, Riverside Vehicle TypePU1PU2/TrlrSedanPU3MC SUMS3978394035 Correct39 % Correct Detections100.0%0.0%100.0%97.4%89.7% Overall % Correct Detections77.4%

13. SN Magnetometer Results – Constant Speed, Riverside Interval Start Ground Truth Magnetometers NB1S2NBS1NB1S3 13:2261081 13:234988 13:24712 13:259151316 13:2671514 13:2781413 13:288131415 13:2981213 13:30914 13:317131517 13:328121314 13:338141516 13:346887 13:35815 13:368121315 13:378161517 SUMS119204203207 % Error41.7%41.2%43.1%

14. SN Magnetometer Results – Stop/Go, Riverside Interval Start Ground Truth Magnetometers NB1S2NBS1NB1S3 13:423221 13:4347910 13:445887 13:454787 13:4658109 13:475810 13:4859109 13:494788 13:5058108 13:51510911 13:525998 13:535910 13:544777 13:5559109 13:564557 13:5758910 SUMS73121134131 % Error65.8%83.6%79.5%

15. SN Micro-Radar at Constant Speed, Ysleta Truck Site Time PeriodGT VideoSN #1% Diff.SN #2% Diff. 14:30–14:452726−3.7%26−3.7% 14:45–15:00195−73.7%5 15:00–15:153837−2.6%37−2.6% 15:15–15:303231−3.1%320.0% 15:30–15:4535362.9%362.9% 15:45–16:003330−9.1%30−9.1% 16:00–16:15192110.5%2110.5% 16:15–16:302221−4.5%220.0% 16:30–16:452322−4.3%244.3% 16:45–17:002421−12.5%23−4.2% 17:00–17:15770.0%7 SUMS322297307 % Error:−7.8% Error−4.7%

16. SN Micro-Radar Stop/Go, Ysleta Car Entrance Time PeriodGT VideoLane 2% Diff.GT VideoLane 3% Diff. 14:45–15:00 27 0.0% 15:00–15:15 19205.3% 15:15–15:30 1514–6.7% 15:30–15:45 3735–5.4% 15:45–16:00 25264.0% 16:00–16:15 3837–2.6% 16:15–16:303631−13.9%4341−4.7% 16:30–16:453429−14.7%4341−4.7% 16:45–17:002925−13.8%37 0.0% 17:00–17:153934−12.8%5144−13.7% 17:15–17:303934−12.8%5752−8.8% SUMS177153231215 % Error−13.6% Error−4.6%

17. Summary of Recent Ysleta Tests Date/LocationDetectorVehicle TypePrimary Motion% Error June 16 Pole Mast Arm Leddar Non-TrucksConstant Speed Faulty Video Micro-RadarNot Tested June 17 Car Tollbooth Leddar Non-TrucksStop-and-Go 0.0% Micro-RadarNot Tested June 18 DPS Truck Site Leddar TrucksConstant Speed 0.0% Micro-Radar−3.6% and −0.3% a June 19 Car Tollbooth Leddar Non-TrucksStop-and-Go Not Tested Micro-Radar−13.6% and −4.6%

18. RECOMMENDATIONS Leddar IS16 exhibited best performance Minor software enhancements needed Micro-radar appropriate where overhead mounts not practical Longer term tests – Test both detectors 3-4 mo – Select variety of environments—both trucks and non-trucks

19. Dan Middleton, Ph.D., P.E. Texas A&M Transportation Institute 2929 Research Parkway College Station, TX 77843-3135 Phone: (979) 845-7196 Fax: (979) 845-9873 Email: d-middleton@tamu.edu