1. Writing Your Rough Draft PlagiarismPlagiarism Using citations in the text of the paperUsing citations in the text of the paper Random TipsRandom Tips 8 th Grade LA Mr. Chambers

2. Plagiarism is…  to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own  to use (another's production) without crediting the source  to commit literary theft  to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward (Plagiarism.org).

3. Avoid Plagiarism  According to Plagiarism.org, to avoid plagiarism you must cite your sources; “Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed, and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source, is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.”

4. Citations: Imbedded and In-text Why? Imbedded or in-text citation is used to give the reader a quick idea of where the information is derived. It also quickly and easily ties the information to the “Works Cited” page at the end of the paper.

5. When? Use citations any time you must cite a source. This includes every time you used information that was pulled from another source, unless it is common knowledge.

6. Print Source- Single Author  The Nazi Party emphasized the failure of democracy, focused on the “racial purity of the German people”, and victimized those who members felt were acting against the party (Fritzsche 148).  German historian Peter Fritzsche claimed that the Nazi Party emphasized the failure of democracy, focused on the “racial purity of the German people”, and victimized those who members felt were acting against the party (148).

7. Electronic Source (Website/ online journal)  With author In 1923, the Nazi party was banned until it came into existence again in 1925 (Gordeeva (include page # if possible) ).  No author included In 1923, the Nazi party was banned until it came into existence again in 1925 (“Nazi Party” (include page # if possible) ).

8. Book- Single Author  Use the author’s last name and the page number(s).  The tendency to come to terms with difficult experiences is referred to as a "purification process" whereby "threatening or painful dissonances are warded off to preserve intact a clear and articulated image of oneself and one’s place in the world" (Sennett 11).  Social historian Richard Sennett names the tendency to come to terms with difficult experiences a "purification process" whereby "threatening or painful dissonances are warded off to preserve intact a clear and articulated image of oneself and one’s place in the world" (11).

9. Two or More Authors  Use both names and the page number(s).  Certain literacy theorists have gone so far as to declare that "the most significant elements of human culture are undoubtedly channeled through words, and reside in the particular range of meanings and attitudes which members of any society attach to their verbal symbols" (Goody and Watt 323).  In their book, Goody and Watt explain that certain literacy theorists have gone so far as to declare that "the most significant elements of human culture are undoubtedly channeled through words, and reside in the particular range of meanings and attitudes which members of any society attach to their verbal symbols" (323).

10. Web Page  Use the title of the web page.  Abraham Lincoln's birthplace was designated as a National Historical Site in 1959 (National Park Service).  Abraham Lincoln's birthplace was designated as a National Historical Site in 1959 (National Park Service).  According to the National Park Service, Abraham Lincoln’s birthplace was designated as a National Historical Site in 1959. Note: Internet citations follow the style of printed works. Personal or corporate author and page number should be given if they exist on the website. Note: Internet citations follow the style of printed works. Personal or corporate author and page number should be given if they exist on the website.

11. Secondary Source of a Quotation As Erickson reminds us, the early psychoanalysts focused on a single objective: "introspective honesty in the service of self enlightenment" (qtd. in Weiland 42).

12. Tips For Writing Reseach Paper  Avoid stating your own opinion  Cite all information that is not common knowledge  Avoid using first person (I, we) Instead use third person  Use proper, standard, formal English (no contractions or slang words)  Make sure each main point in your paper is critical to proving your thesis statement

13. Tips for writing the Paper   In the right-hand side of the page header, put your last name (surname) and then the page number one space after.   When you quote anything or refer to an idea from anything other than yourself (unless it is common knowledge, as for instance that Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States of America or that Copernicus came up with the current model of a sun-centered solar system), you must give credit to its creator.

14. Ellipses…   When you leave out a piece of a quote, use ellipses (the “dot-dot-dot”).   “Adams was well-respected by his colleagues... for his intelligence and careful demeanor, among other things” (Author 236).

15. Use of periods in citations   Make sure that when you have your in-text citation in parenthesis, you put the period outside the last parenthesis at the very end of the sentence, and not before the reference or inside the quotation marks:   According to some, the madwoman in the lighthouse “symbolized the psychological frustration generated by gender roles” (Gorges 234).

16. Block Quotes   When you quote more than four lines of text or three lines of a poem, you must format it as a block quote, meaning that the entire quote starts on its own line, every line indented half an inch.   See example (http://www.englishdiscourse.org/block.q uotes.htm ).

17. Sources