1. Warm Up Answer the following questions with a partner: What was the “Avignon Papacy?” How did it lead to the Great Schism? What was the “Avignon Papacy?” How did it lead to the Great Schism? How did Wycliffe and Huss feel about the role of the Church in interpreting the Bible? How did Wycliffe and Huss feel about the role of the Church in interpreting the Bible? What “immediate issue” prompted Luther to post his 95 Theses for debate? What “immediate issue” prompted Luther to post his 95 Theses for debate?

2. The Reformation and the Spirit of Capitalism

3. Causes of the Reformation Social Social The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church Political Political Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority Economic Economic European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church Religious Religious Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable

4. Branches of Protestantism Lutheranism Lutheranism Anglicanism Anglicanism Episcopalian Episcopalian Baptist Baptist Methodist Methodist Pentecostal Pentecostal Calvinism Calvinism Presbyterian Presbyterian Reformed Reformed

5. Roman Catholic LutheranCalvinistAnglican LeadershipPopeMinistersCouncil of Elders English Monarch SalvationFaith and Good Works Faith AloneGod has predetermined who will be saved Faith Alone BibleChurch and Bible reveal truth Bible is truth Worship Service Based on ritual Preaching and ritual PreachingPreaching and ritual Interpretation of Beliefs Priests interpret Bible and Church teachings Individuals interpret Bible Individuals interpret Bible using tradition and reason

6. Who were the Early Protestants? Urbanites Urbanites Literate Literate Members of new trades: Members of new trades: Printers Printers Booksellers Booksellers Painters/ goldsmiths Painters/ goldsmiths Silk-makers Silk-makers Entrepreneurial spirit Entrepreneurial spirit Judges and Parliamentary courts Judges and Parliamentary courts

7. Why was Protestantism Appealing? Sober, industrious lifestyle went well with making money in trade and industry Sober, industrious lifestyle went well with making money in trade and industry Northern European countries and the Atlantic- based traders Northern European countries and the Atlantic- based traders Large numbers of nobles were motivated by opportunism and personal conscience Large numbers of nobles were motivated by opportunism and personal conscience Secular Rule of Law Secular Rule of Law

8. The Relationship Between Protestantism and Capitalism Wasting time is the worst of sins Wasting time is the worst of sins Labor (even for the wealthy) is ordained by God Labor (even for the wealthy) is ordained by God Puritan ethic encouraged hard work and the spirit of profit Puritan ethic encouraged hard work and the spirit of profit

9. Serving God’s Glory Puritans felt a duty to hold and increase their possessions Puritans felt a duty to hold and increase their possessions The pursuit of wealth in itself was bad, but attaining it as the result of one’s labor was a sign of God’s blessing The pursuit of wealth in itself was bad, but attaining it as the result of one’s labor was a sign of God’s blessing

10. The Response to Luther Germany Germany England England Switzerland Switzerland Scotland Scotland France France Netherlands Netherlands Catholic Reformation Catholic Reformation

11. Legacies of the Reformation Individual monarchs and states gained power Individual monarchs and states gained power Development of modern nation- states Development of modern nation- states States sought more power through warfare, exploration, and expansion States sought more power through warfare, exploration, and expansion Questioning of belief and authority laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment Questioning of belief and authority laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment

12. Do-Now With a partner, answer the following questions in your “reflection” section: What would you say was the main difference between the Catholic Church and ALL Protestant religions? How did the Protestant Reformation coincide with the rise in Capitalism? How did the Renaissance help lead to the Reformation?