1. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley CHAPTER Introduction to EMS Systems 1

2. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Topics The EMS System The Emergency Medical Responder The Role of the Public Health System Disaster Assistance The Role of Research in EMS Advances in Technology

3. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE EMS SYSTEM

4. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Timeline of formal system for responding to emergencies American Civil War “corpsmen” trained to provide care for immediate life threats (bleeding).

5. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley EMS Timeline (continued)

6. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley EMS Timeline (continued)

7. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Injured transported by horse-drawn carriage to waiting physician; first formal ambulance system in United States. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system: chain of human resources and services linked together to provide continuous emergency care.

8. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Early ambulance.

9. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) components of EMS system – Regulation and policy – Resource management – Human resources and training – Transportation – Facilities – Communications (continued)

10. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System NHTSA components of EMS system (cont.) – Public information and education – Medical direction – Trauma systems – Evaluation

11. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Dispatcher allocates resources. (© 2005 Scott Metcalfe LLC. All Rights Reserved)

12. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley An EMS Emergency Responder assists the patient.

13. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley EMTs continue treatment en route to the hospital.

14. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The patient is transferred to the care of emergency department personnel.

15. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Scope of practice model: national model defining scope of care for all levels of EMS training. National EMS education standards: education and training standards developed by NHTSA for all levels of EMS training.

16. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Levels of EMS Training

17. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Emergency Medical Responder (EMR): member of EMS system trained in first aid care who help EMTs at emergency scene.

18. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System EMS Models – Fire-based: services and infrastructure operated by local fire department or consortium – Third-service: operated by non-fire government or privately owned ambulance services – Hospital-based: operated by large hospital or group of hospitals

19. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Scope of Practice – Identifies duties and skills EMS provider is legally allowed to perform – Defined by state and/or regional statutes and regulations – Defines related licensing, credentialing, and certification

20. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – EMS system must be activated – 911 call to emergency dispatcher who sends responders – Caller may need to dial seven-digit number for ambulance, fire, police, or rescue personnel (continued)

21. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – Most desirable 911 service is enhanced 911 system – Enables communications center to automatically receive caller information (continued)

22. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – 911 calls automatically directed to public safety answering point (PSAP) – Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) receive special training and provide prearrival instructions to callers, helping initiate lifesaving care before EMS personnel arrive. (continued)

23. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – Resources dispatched (personnel, vehicles) – EMS personnel provide care at scene and during transport – Deliver patient to medical facility

24. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System In-Hospital Care System – Most patients taken to hospital emergency department – At ER personnel stabilize all immediate life threats. – Patient transferred to appropriate in- hospital resources – Specialty hospital: special designation capable of providing specialized services  Trauma Center (services/surgery 24hr/day)

25. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Medical Direction – EMS Medical Director: assumes responsibility for direction and oversight of all patient care. – EMRs act as designated agents of Medical Director – EMS provides standing orders in form of protocols; authorizes rescuers to perform skills in specific situations (continued)

26. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Medical Direction – Off-line medical direction: behind-the- scenes – On-line medical direction: orders from medical direction given by radio or phone – Scope of practice includes protocols and guidelines by local jurisdiction

27. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL RESPONDER

28. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder EMRs have completed an Emergency Medical Responder course. EMRs are trained to: – Reach patients – Find out what is wrong – Provide emergency care – Move patients without causing further injury

29. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders may work on rescue squads and transport units. (© Craig Jackson/In the Dark Photography)

30. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley They may be firefighter volunteers. (© Craig Jackson/In the Dark Photography)

31. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders may be law enforcement personnel, including state troopers, ATF, DEA, and FBI agents.

32. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders are also rescue team specialists for specific disciplines, such as hazardous materials, confined space, swift water, ice, trench, high angle, cave, and urban rescues.

33. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Roles and Responsibilities – Primary concern: personal safety – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)  Disposable protective gloves  Barrier devices  Protective eye wear  Special face masks  Gowns or aprons

34. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Patient-related duties – Size-up scene: first concern, even before patient care – Determine patient's chief complaint – Lift, move, or reposition patient only when necessary – Transfer patient and patient information – Protect patient's privacy – Maintain confidentiality – Be patient's advocate (continued)

35. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley One of the duties of an Emergency Medical Responder is to safely gain access to the patient. (Photo by Nathan Eldridge)

36. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders lift or move patients when necessary without causing further injury.

37. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Traits – Keep emergency care skills sharp and current. – Be willing to deal with people. – Respect others. – Acceptance of patient's rights. – Be honest and realistic. – Be tactful. (continued)

38. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Traits (continued) – Learn how to care for patients while controlling emotional reactions. – Maintain focus on patient; avoid unnecessary distractions. – Admit stress to emergency scenes will affect you. – Keep uniform neat and clean. – Approach patient with respect.

39. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Frequent training promotes a high standard of care for your patients.

40. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Skills – Required to perform certain skills as part of EMR training – Vary from course to course – ***See pages 14-15

41. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Equipment, Tools, and Supplies – Specialized kits for trauma and medical emergencies and childbirth  Blood pressure cuff  Stethoscope  Oxygen-delivery systems  Suctioning equipment

42. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Continuous Quality Improvement – Continuous improvement in quality of product or service being delivered. – In EMS, that product is patient care. – Every component within a system can be improved. – Submit accurate, complete patient care reports.

43. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It EMRs have received training and work in a variety of fields. EMRs are key to providing initial care at the scene of an emergency. EMRs are also responsible for personal safety, professional traits, and participation in continuous quality improvement (CQI).

44. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM

45. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Role of the Public Health System Ensure quality of life by: – Monitoring health of population – Providing health care – Educating community about disease and injury prevention – Advancing population-based health programs and policies

46. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley DISASTER ASSISTANCE

47. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Disaster Assistance Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT): specialized teams designed to provide medical care following disaster – Deployed on moment's notice if disaster strikes in United States

48. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It DMATs are important to lessening the devastation of a national disaster. DMAT members are highly experienced and trained EMRs who integrate with local EMS systems.

49. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN EMS

50. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Role of Research in EMS Research is systematic investigation to establish facts. Organizations gather and verify research that defines how EMS providers practice emergency care.

51. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY

52. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Advances in Technology GPS installation in public safety vehicles (police cars, fire engines, ambulances) – Allows easy navigation to location of emergency, reducing response time – Ability to track location of emergency vehicles

53. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley A typical GPS device installed in an emergency vehicle.

54. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley SUMMARY

55. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Four Levels of EMS Training: – Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) – Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) – Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) – Paramedic (continued)

56. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary EMS personnel dispatched to scene of emergency when dispatcher receives emergency call. Every EMS system required to designate medical director. Emergency Medical Responder's primary responsibility is personal safety. (continued)

57. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary EMR's Main Duties – Scene safety – Gaining access to patient – Assessing patient; providing emergency care – Moving patients; transferring care to more highly trained personnel – Protecting patient's privacy – Being patient's advocate (continued)

58. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Emergency Medical Responders – Have a duty to maintain skills – Keep up-to-date with the latest trends and research – Maintain a professional demeanor at all times – Plays an important part in quality of system – May participate in specific duties related to CQI process (continued)

59. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Emergency Medical Responders have a duty to stay informed about latest research findings. (continued)

60. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley REVIEW QUESTIONS

61. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 1.Describe the various EMS models. 2.Differentiate the four levels of EMS provider. 3.Differentiate between off-line medical direction and on-line medical direction. 4.Differentiate the various components of an EMS system and describe the function of each. Review Questions

62. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 5.Explain how state/region specific statutes and regulations affect how an Emergency Medical Responder might function. 6.Describe the characteristics of professionalism as they relate to the EMS provider. 7.Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with regards to continuous quality improvement (CQI). Review Questions

63. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 8.Explain the role of public health systems and their relationship to EMS, disease surveillance, and injury prevention. 9.Explain the role that Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) play and how they integrate with EMS systems. 10.Explain the role that research plays in EMS and the ways that an Emergency Medical Responder might identify and support research. Review Questions

64. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Please visit www.bradybooks.com and follow the Resource Central links to access content for this text. www.bradybooks.com