1. Catastrophe student summary Evacuate QUESTIONS I can answer…Evidence Scientists work in labs and wear white coats, don’t they? Are teams better than individuals? SKILLS I know how to… Communicate effectively in an organised manner so as to work efficiently in a group. Suggest what specialisms may be needed to solve particular scientific problems. CONCEPTS I can understand that…Evidence To solve problems and develop explanations often needs many scientists from different subject areas and countries to work together. Science consists of many disciplines because scientists cannot know everything about science. In each discipline, scientists have different knowledge and use different techniques. Collaboration can improve the accuracy and reliability of results, and the validity of conclusions. FACTS I can remember that… Collaboration is when scientists with different skills, specialisms and nationalities work together to reach a common goal. There are many examples of scientific disciplines such as seismology, geochemistry and volcanology. Scientists are linked to other scientists worldwide personally, through their workplaces and through international scientific organisations. Activity from the Catastrophe unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science 2009 This page may have been changed from the original KEYWORDS collaborationdisciplinestechniques specialismsskills

2. Catastrophe student summary Etna QUESTIONS I can answer…Evidence What's it like inside the Earth? Why do volcanoes erupt? How can volcanologists help save lives? SKILLS I know how to… Measure the viscosity of model lava. Identify rock types by examining their properties. CONCEPTS I can understand that…Evidence Studying volcanoes allows scientists to work out what the inside of the Earth is like, and collect evidence for predicting future eruptions. By studying a rock you can tell how it was formed. FACTS I can remember that… The Earth consists of a core, a solid mantle that behaves like a fluid, and a thin crust. The Earth's heat comes from radioactive reactions in its core. The rock in the mantle can melt and become liquid rock called magma. A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust that allows magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface. Liquid rock on the Earth’s surface is called lava. Igneous rocks, like granite, pumice and basalt, form when liquid rock cools. Igneous rocks are usually hard and non-porous. Metamorphic rocks, such as marble and slate, form when heat or pressure changes other rocks. Activity from the Catastrophe unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science 2009 This page may have been changed from the original KEYWORDS ashbasaltcore crustcrystalsdense graniteigneouslava magmamantlemarble metamorphicpumiceslate viscousvolcano

3. Catastrophe student summary Damburst QUESTIONS I can answer…Evidence How can dams be dangerous? Why aren't rocks all the same? What makes rocks wear away? SKILLS I know how to… Use observations of rocks to suggest how the rock was weathered and/or transported. Model processes by which rocks are weathered and eroded. CONCEPTS I can understand that…Evidence The Earth's surface is the way it is partly because of the motion of water, ice and wind, which continually break down exposed rock surfaces and take the pieces of rock elsewhere. FACTS I can remember that… Rocks contain minerals, which are elements or compounds that exist naturally. Weathering breaks down exposed rocks into smaller pieces, called sediments. Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes, for example. Chemical weathering happens when acids in water react with rock minerals, for example. Biological weathering happens when plant roots or animal actions break up rocks. Moving water, ice and wind carry rock fragments (sediments) away from weathered rock surfaces. This is erosion. The speed of the water will determine the distance that the different sized sediments are taken. Most sedimentary rocks are porous. Activity from the Catastrophe unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science 2009 This page may have been changed from the original KEYWORDS biological weathering carbonate chemical weathering erosionigneousmetamorphic mineral physical weathering porous sedimentsedimentarysilt

4. Catastrophe student summary Hobbit QUESTIONS I can answer…Evidence How old is the Earth? How long have humans been around? How have humans changed? Are hobbits real? SKILLS I know how to… Use models to explain how sedimentary rocks are formed. CONCEPTS I can understand that…Evidence Sediments constantly lay down layers of new rock. These thousands of layers provide evidence for the age of the Earth. Sedimentary rock may contain remains of life forms. These remains help scientists piece together the story of life on Earth. FACTS I can remember that… Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments are laid down and joined together. In most sedimentary rocks, dissolved minerals cemented the sediments together. In some places, folding and uplift has brought older layers to the surface. Fossil and other remains of life forms preserved in sedimentary rocks provide evidence for the story of life – including human life – on Earth. Rock ages, estimated by radioactive dating techniques, help us to date the stages of the story of life on Earth. Activity from the Catastrophe unit © upd8 wikid, built by cracking science 2009 This page may have been changed from the original KEYWORDS cementdepositedextinct fossilhomonid radioactive decay rock cyclesedimentarystrata timelineuplift