1. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA EUMETSAT Aerosol Activities R. Munro, R. Lang, M. Grzegorski, G. Poli, A. Holdak, A. Kokhanovsky, C. Retscher, P. Schluessel, T. Marbach, O. Hautecoeur & A. Lacan

2. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Outline Products from Current Missions Metop PMAp product (implemented with pre-operational status) New MSG Aerosol Optical Depth product (to be implemented in 2015, based on Meteo-France/CNRS proto-type) Products from Future Missions 3MI on EPS-SG Synergistic products from MTG and EPS-SG + EUMETSAT SAF aerosol properties related products…(AAI, aerosol heigth (O 2)… Slide: 2

3. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA PMAp tandem operations: AOD Metop A & Metop B For more exciting details: Hold on ‘till next presentation in this session!

4. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product The MSG Aerosol product development will initially focus on an evaluation of the ATBD and prototype processor which have been provided by Météo-France “Carrer et al., Daily Estimate of Aerosol Optical Thickness Over Land Surface based on a Directional and Temporal Analysis of SEVIRI MSG Visible Observations”, JGR, Vol. 115, D10208, 2010.” Potential for extension to a three hourly product is under evaluation

5. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product Algorithm principles (I): separating molecules from aerosol Molecular absorption and scattering is treated separately from aerosol scattering Removal of gas absorption and Rayleigh scattering on ‘apparent’ reflectance gas/aerosol coupling is neglected Simultaneous retrieval of AOD and surface BRDF 1 band, VIS06, is necessary to measure AOD 3 bands VIS06/08/1.6 used for aerosol type (fine/intermediate/large mode) Courtesy, Carrer, Hautecoeur et al.

6. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product Algorithm principles (II): separating angular and radioactive RT parts Courtesy, Carrer, Hautecoeur et al.

7. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Daily scattering angle ranges covered per season |cos(  )|: Winter Spring Summer Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product Algorithm principles (III): using Seviri daily scattering angle ranges Phase functions min|cos(  )| max|cos(  )| Courtesy, Carrer, Hautecoeur et al.

8. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Separating the fast changing aerosol signals...from the slowly changing BRDF surface properties using Kalman filtering Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product Inversion procedure Courtesy, Hautecoeur et al. Planned operational implementation in 2015!

9. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product Initial results Courtesy, Carrer, Hautecoeur et al.

10. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Future MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product Current status of planning and future implementation Status MSG processing environment installed offline for setting up new AOD development environment Planning of full implementation cycles – ongoing Project is delayed because of PMAp implementation priorities Next steps Meeting with Carrer and Roujean from Meteo-France /... is planned for June Renewed cooperation with Meteo-France currently established in order to make sure that we will be able to implement the latest version of the code Planning The delivery of one month of MSG data is delayed... Exact delivery date is currently TBD (target for providing a realistic date: end June 2014)

11. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Products from Future Missions EPS-SG 3MI Dedicated to aerosol characterisation for: Climate monitoring Air quality monitoring and forecasting Numerical Weather Prediction 2D Push-broom radiometer (2200 km swath, 4 km pixel at nadir) Provide images of the Earth TOA outgoing radiance using: Multi-view (10 to 14 views; angular sampling in the order of 10°) Multi-channel (12 channels from 410 to 2130 nm) Multi-polarisation (9 channels with -60°, 0°, +60° polarisers) POLDER heritage Synergy with METimage, Sentinel-5 and IASI-NG (Satellite-A)

12. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Channels Slide: 12 Channel centre and widthPolarisationOptical head Primary Use 410 nm 20 nmYes VNIR Optical head Absorbing aerosol and ash cloud monitoring 443 nm 20 nmYes Aerosols absorption and height indicators 490 nm 20 nmYes Aerosol, surface albedo, cloud reflectance, cloud optical depth 555 nm 20 nmYes Surface albedo 670 nm 20 nmYes Aerosols properties 763 nm 10 nmNo Cloud and aerosols height 754 nm 20 nmNo Cloud and aerosols height 865 nm 40 nmYes Vegetation, aerosol, clouds, surface features 910 nm VNIR 20 nmNo Water vapour, atmospheric correction 910 nm SWIR 20 nmNo SWIR Optical head Water vapour, atmospheric correction 1370 nm 40 nmYes Cirrus clouds, water vapour imagery 1650 nm 40 nmYes Ground characterisation for aerosol inversion 2130 nm 40 nmYes Ground characterisation for aerosol inversion, Cloud microphysics at cloud top, Vegetation, fire (effects)

13. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Acquisition Slide: 13 c c c c c c cc c c View 1 c c c c c c cc c c View N c c c c c c cc c c View 2N Target Vsat up to 14 views: N = 7 Detectors Wheel Optical heads Filters

14. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Geophysical Products Primary objectives: HQ imagery of aerosol variables over ocean and land Slide: 14 AODs for accumulation, coarse and total modes at high horizontal resolution Aerosol particle size for accumulation, coarse and total modes. Aerosol type through Ångström exponent, refractive index, non-sphericity index Aerosol height index Aerosol absorption Improved cloud characterisation through cloud imagery, COD, CTH, and cloud microphysics (phase and effective particle size) Land surfaces (surface albedo, BRDFs) Vegetation (e.g. Leaf area index, Vegetation type, Fraction of vegetated land) Secondary objectives: Slide: 14

15. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 15 3MI METimageS-5 & IASI-NG Some aerosol parameters can be retrieved BUT Cirrus cloud observations required Multi-viewing and multi-polarisation capabilities Channel baseline of 3MI & METimage with respect to the aerosol measurements has been made on the basis they fly together with Sentinel-5 & IASI-NG Primary objective: 1.AOD 2.Aerosol particle size 3.Aerosol type 4.Aerosol height index 5.Aerosol absorption artefact correction e.g. anisotropy from scattering and multi-polarisation spectral calibration – complementary channels

16. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Products from Future Missions Synergistic Products MTG-I & MTG-S Possibility for synergistic products from Sentinel-4 (UV/Vis/NIR spectrometer) & IRS (infrared spectrometer) and also FCI (imager) EPS-SG Possibility for synergistic products from Sentinel-5 (UV/Vis/NIR/SWIR spectrometer), IASI-NG (infrared spectrometer), METimage (imager) and 3MI

17. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA The end. Questions? Slide: 17

18. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA The Multi-Viewing, -Channel, -Polarisation Imaging (3MI) Mission of the EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation (EPS-SG) dedicated to aerosol characterisation Thierry Marbach, Pepe Phillips, Antoine Lacan and Peter Schlüssel

19. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Outline 3MI: Introduction 3MI: Calibration 3MI: Geophysical Products 3MI: Benefits 3MI: Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 19

20. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Outline 3MI: Introduction 3MI: Calibration 3MI: Geophysical Products 3MI: Benefits 3MI: Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 20

21. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA EPS-SG: EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation Follow the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) 2020-2040 timeframe Contribute to the Joint Polar System being jointly set up with NOAA Two-satellite configuration: Metop-SG-A and -B flying in the same orbit, separated by 180° Metop-like orbit:sun synchronous low earth orbit at 832 km mean altitude 09:30 local time of the descending node More information: http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/Satellites/EPS-SG Slide: 21

22. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI: Multi-View, -Channel, -Polarisation Imager Dedicated to aerosol characterisation for: - Climate monitoring - Air quality monitoring and forecasting - Numerical Weather Prediction 2D Push-broom radiometer (2200 km swath, 4 km pixel at nadir) Provide images of the Earth TOA outgoing radiance using: - Multi-view (10 to 14 views; angular sampling in the order of 10°) - Multi-channel (12 channels from 410 to 2130 nm) - Multi-polarisation (9 channels with -60°, 0°, +60° polarisers) POLDER heritage Slide: 22

23. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Channels Slide: 23 Channel centre and widthPolarisationOptical head 410 nm 20 nmYes VNIR Optical head 443 nm 20 nmYes 490 nm 20 nmYes 555 nm 20 nmYes 670 nm 20 nmYes 763 nm 10 nmNo 754 nm 20 nmNo 865 nm 40 nmYes 910 nm VNIR 20 nmNo 910 nm SWIR 20 nmNo SWIR Optical head 1370 nm 40 nmYes 1650 nm 40 nmYes 2130 nm 40 nmYes c c c c cccc c c c c c c cccc c c c c c c cccc c c

24. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Channels Slide: 24 Channel centre and widthPolarisationOptical head Primary Use 410 nm 20 nmYes VNIR Optical head Absorbing aerosol and ash cloud monitoring 443 nm 20 nmYes Aerosols absorption and height indicators 490 nm 20 nmYes Aerosol, surface albedo, cloud reflectance, cloud optical depth 555 nm 20 nmYes Surface albedo 670 nm 20 nmYes Aerosols properties 763 nm 10 nmNo Cloud and aerosols height 754 nm 20 nmNo Cloud and aerosols height 865 nm 40 nmYes Vegetation, aerosol, clouds, surface features 910 nm VNIR 20 nmNo Water vapour, atmospheric correction 910 nm SWIR 20 nmNo SWIR Optical head Water vapour, atmospheric correction 1370 nm 40 nmYes Cirrus clouds, water vapour imagery 1650 nm 40 nmYes Ground characterisation for aerosol inversion 2130 nm 40 nmYes Ground characterisation for aerosol inversion, Cloud microphysics at cloud top, Vegetation, fire (effects)

25. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Acquisition Slide: 25 c c c c c c cc c c View 1 c c c c c c cc c c View N c c c c c c cc c c View 2N Target Vsat up to 14 views: N = 7 Detectors Wheel Optical heads Filters

26. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Outline 3MI: Introduction 3MI: Calibration 3MI: Geophysical Products 3MI: Benefits 3MI: Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 26

27. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Geophysical Products Primary objectives: HQ imagery of aerosol variables over ocean and land Slide: 27 AODs for accumulation, coarse and total modes at high horizontal resolution Aerosol particle size for accumulation, coarse and total modes. Aerosol type through Ångström exponent, refractive index, non-sphericity index Aerosol height index Aerosol absorption Improved cloud characterisation through cloud imagery, COD, CTH, and cloud microphysics (phase and effective particle size) Land surfaces (surface albedo, BRDFs) Vegetation (e.g. Leaf area index, Vegetation type, Fraction of vegetated land) Secondary objectives: Slide: 27

28. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Outline 3MI: Introduction 3MI: Calibration 3MI: Geophysical Products 3MI: Benefits 3MI: Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 28

29. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Benefits: Climate Monitoring Slide: 29 Improve knowledge on the aerosol constrain in the radiative forcing of Earth's atmosphere Using particle size and spatial distribution to separate natural from anthropogenic aerosols Improve for the model input parameters (e.g. aerosol, cloud, surface characterisation)  Beneficial for other IPCC parameters (e.g. greenhouse gas, albedo) © IPCC 2007:WG1-AR4

30. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Benefits: Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Identification of cirrus clouds, and cloud cover in general Correction of deficiencies in the model representation of radiative processes (anisotropy of scattering) Prevision of surface BRDFs, essential for surface radiative variables (e.g albedo, vegetation indices) Constrain artefacts induced by scattering and polarisation in IASI-NG, METimage, and S-5 measurements Slide: 30

31. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA 3MI Benefits: Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting Slide: 31 Monitoring of air quality index Measurement of particle concentration (PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass load) Observation of natural hazards, such as volcanic ash or fire plumes Measurement of land surface variables e.g. Leaf area index (LAI), Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Normalised Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI)

32. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Outline 3MI: Introduction 3MI: Calibration 3MI: Geophysical Products 3MI: Benefits 3MI: Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 32

33. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Synergy with other EPS-SG Instruments Slide: 33 3MI METimageS-5 & IASI-NG Some aerosol parameters can be retrieved BUT Cirrus cloud observations required Multi-viewing and multi-polarisation capabilities Channel baseline of 3MI & METimage with respect to the aerosol measurements has been made on the basis they fly together with Sentinel-5 & IASI-NG Primary objective: 1.AOD 2.Aerosol particle size 3.Aerosol type 4.Aerosol height index 5.Aerosol absorption artefact correction e.g. anisotropy from scattering and multi-polarisation spectral calibration – complementary channels

34. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Products from Future Missions Synergistic Products MTG-I & MTG-S: Possibility for synergistic products from Sentinel-4 (UV/Vis/NIR spectrometer) & IRS (infrared spectrometer) and also FCI (imager) EPS-SG: Possibility for synergistic products from Sentinel-5 (UV/Vis/NIR/SWIR spectrometer), IASI-NG (infrared spectrometer), METimage (imager) and 3MI

35. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 4 on MTG & Sentinel 5 on EPS-SG: Short Status Rosemary Munro (most graphics provided courtesy of ESA)

36. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Overview – MTG and Sentinel 4 (I) Slide: 36 The Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) system is a two-platform system. The MTG Imaging platform will be launched end 2018. This platform will carry the Flexible Combined Imager, which will, in addition to other products, provide improved information on aerosol and volcanic ash as compared to the current generation of geostationary imagers. The Lightening Imager will also fly on the MTG-I platform

37. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Overview – MTG and Sentinel 4 (II) Slide: 37 The MTG Sounding platform is planned for launch by end 2020. It will carry the Copernicus Sentinel-4 mission, which will focus exclusively on monitoring European air quality and will be the first UV/Visible spectrometer flown in geostationary orbit. It will fly alongside the MTG/Infrared sounder, the first hyperspectral sounder flown in geostationary orbit. The MTG/IRS is not optimised for atmospheric composition applications, but it is hoped that under favourable conditions it will provide information on ozone and carbon monoxide.

38. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 4 Key Features (I) Slide: 38 Sentinel-4 has heritage from the GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2/OMI series of instruments. Its primary focus will be on the monitoring of air quality in the European domain with high spatial and temporal resolution. Like other nadir instruments measuring in the UV, it will make measurements of O 3, NO 2, BrO, SO 2, HCHO, CHOCHO etc. The spatial resolution will be ~ 8 x 8 km with hourly temporal resolution.

39. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel-4 Key Features (II) Slide: 39 Spatial Sampling: 8 km at 45°N Coverage: Europe + Sahara Repeat Cycle: 1 hr UV-VIS: 305 – 500 nm with 0.5 nm spectral resolution, 3 x oversampling NIR: 750 – 775 nm with 0.12 nm spectral resolution, 3 x oversampling Polarisation sensitivity: 0.6% (<315 nm), 0.7% (315-500 nm), 0.4% (NIR) Radiometric accuracy: 2.3% (<315 nm), 1.8%(315-500 nm), 2.3% (NIR) Low level of spectral features (0.05%)

40. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel-4 Instrument Concept Slide: 40 Imaging Spectrometer Pushbroom in E/W direction N/S FOV: 3.85° E/W FOR: 11.2° 2 grating spectrometers −UV-VIS: 305 – 500 nm −NIR: 750 – 775 nm CCD detectors cooled at < 215 K Scan Mirror E/W scan N/S compensation of MTG yaw flip manoeuvre around equinox −seasonal shift in latitude (per steps of 5 deg up to 10 deg) −star calibration (at the beginning of every day) High performance on board calibration sources (diffusers, lamp, LED)

41. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Envisaged Sentinel 4 Product List Slide: 41 ProductApplicationComment Air QualityClimateSurface UV O 3 total & trop. columnXX O 3 profileXXSynergy with data from the IRS NO2 total & trop. columnX SO 2 total columnXAlso for volcanic eruption monitoring CHOCHO total columnXBy-product CH 2 O total columnX Aerosol extinction coeff. Profile, column optical depth/type/index XXAlso for volcanic eruption monitoring Also auxiliary for other S4 products Synergy with imager data from FCI Cloud optical thickness, fraction, altitude XMainly auxiliary for other S4 products Synergy with imager data from FCI Surface reflectance daily mapXMainly auxiliary for other S4 products

42. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Ground Segment Development: Share of Responsibility Slide: 42 EUMETSATMTG Ground Segment ESAS4 Level 1 Prototype Processor EUMETSATS4 Level 1 Operational Processor (part of MTG IDPF) ESAS4 Level 2 Prototype & CFI L2 Operational Processor S4L2 CFI EUMETSATIntegration of S4L2 CFI into MTG L2 Processing Facility

43. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 4 Mission Implementation Status Slide: 43 Instrument Preliminary Design Review completed → Phase C/D L1 processor development in preparation L2 pre-development ongoing (ESA responsibility) −aerosol profile retrieval from O2A-band (AEROPRO study with KNMI) −surface reflectance map from temporally aggregated S4 data (SURMACED study with BIRA, GC, LOA, IM) L2 operational processor development in preparation (ESA responsibility) −ITT end 2013 −Kick-off early 2014

44. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Overview – EPS-SG and Sentinel-5 (I) Slide: 44 The EPS Second Generation (EPS-SG) is planned for launch in Dec. 2020 earliest EPS-SG will carry an improved infrared sounder IASI-NG with enhanced capabilities for measuring atmospheric trace gases and will also carry the Copernicus Sentinel 5 (provided by ESA) Sentinel-5, in addition to the species measured by GOME-2, will also measure CO and CH 4, all at significantly higher spatial resolution. In addition, there are plans to fly a dedicated multi-angle, multi-polarisation, multi-spectral aerosol mission, 3MI. This will be complemented by an improved imaging instrument MetImage that can detect aerosol optical thickness and size distribution.

45. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Overview – EPS-SG and Sentinel-5 (II) Slide: 45 Sentinel 5 Mission Objectives Monitoring of the composition of the atmosphere for Copernicus Atmosphere Services −Sources of trace gases and aerosols impacting air quality and climate −Major target trace gases are O3, NO2, CO, SO2, CH2O and CH4 −Services proposed will cover air quality near real-time applications, air quality protocol monitoring, and climate protocol monitoring Will take advantage of collocated measurements taken at the same time by METimage, IASI-NG and 3MI which will provide more information on clouds and deliver improved understanding of atmospheric composition, most notably in the troposphere. The high spatial resolution will enable more accurate detection of emission sources and provide an increased number of cloud-free ground pixels.

46. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 5 Key Features (I) Slide: 46 Sentinel-5 will build on the heritage from the GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2/OMI series of instruments and will provide continuity with these instruments. The spatial resolution will be significantly improved as compared to previous missions, which is important to support development of air quality applications. Total amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the atmosphere above Europe derived from one year of data from the GOME-2 instrument on Metop-A (March 2007 - February 2008)

47. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 5 Key Features (II) Slide: 47 Daily Global Coverage (at latitude beyond 20 deg) Large field of view required = 108.4°

48. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 5 Key Features (III) Slide: 48 Total amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the atmosphere above Europe derived from one year of data from the GOME-2 instrument on Metop-A (March 2007 - February 2008)

49. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 5 Instrument Concept Slide: 49 Total amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the atmosphere above Europe derived from one year of data from the GOME-2 instrument on Metop-A (March 2007 - February 2008) Pushbroom Imaging Spectrometer UV1 spectrometer UV2/VIS spectrometer NIR spectrometer SWIR1 spectrometer SWIR3 spectrometer Polarisation scrambler located in the telescope Compatibility with satellite demonstrated Mass: 250 …260 kg (incl. 20% margin) Power: 220 …250 W Data rate: 20 Mbits/s −All co-addition performed on board −All binning performed on-board

50. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Envisaged Sentinel 5 Product List Slide: 50 Total amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the atmosphere above Europe derived from one year of data from the GOME-2 instrument on Metop-A (March 2007 - February 2008)

51. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Sentinel 5 Mission Implementation Status Slide: 51 Total amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the atmosphere above Europe derived from one year of data from the GOME-2 instrument on Metop-A (March 2007 - February 2008) Two competitive feasibility (phase A/B1) studies were run in parallel led by Astrium GmbH and Kayser-Threde in the period 2011 – 2013 Study synchronised with the system Metop-SG phase A/B1 studies PRR successfully completed in May-June 2012 ISRR near completion ITT B2CDE1 planned in summer 2013 Other activities started (ESA): S5 Requirements Consolidation - NIR S5 Requirements Consolidation – SWIR Other activities in preparation (ESA): S5 Synergy UVN + VII, IRS, 3MI S5 Performance Model

52. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Ground Segment Development: Share of Responsibility Slide: 52 EUMETSATEPS-SG Ground Segment ESAS5 Level 1 Prototype Processor EUMETSATS5 Level 1 Operational Processor ESASentinel 5 Level 2 Prototype Processors for an agreed list of products EUMETSATSentinel 5 Level 2 Operational Processors for an agreed list of products

53. EGU 02/05/2014, VIENNA Products from Current Missions PMAp: Polar Multi-sensor Aerosol product developed at EUMETSAT (M. Grzegorski, G. Poli & A. Holdak) AOD over ocean & cloud products pre-operational since 29 th April 2014. AOD over land (PMAp second generation) to be implemented in Q1 2015. MSG Aerosol Optical Depth Product (will be implemented in 2015)