1. Data Warehouse & Data Mining
Chapter 12
Data Warehouse & Data Mining
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Sixth Edition, Rob and Coronel

2. In this chapter, you will learn:
How operational data and decision support data differ
What a data warehouse is and how data for it are prepared
What star schemas are and how they are constructed
What steps are required to successfully implement a data warehouse
What data mining is and what role it plays in decision support
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

3. The Need for Data Analysis
Managers must be able to track daily transactions to evaluate how the business is performing
By tapping into the operational database, management can develop strategies to meet organizational goals
Data analysis can provide information about short-term tactical evaluations and strategies
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

4. Solving Business Problems and Adding Value with Data Warehouse-Based Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

5. Solving Business Problems and Adding Value with Data Warehouse-Based Solutions (continued)
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

6. Decision Support Systems
Methodology (or series of methodologies) designed to extract information from data and to use such information as a basis for decision making
Decision support system (DSS):
Arrangement of computerized tools used to assist managerial decision making within a business
Usually requires extensive data “massaging” to produce information
Used at all levels within an organization
Often tailored to focus on specific business areas
Provides ad hoc query tools to retrieve data and to display data in different formats
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

7. Decision Support Systems (continued)
Composed of four main components:
Data store component
Basically a DSS database
Data extraction and filtering component
Used to extract and validate data taken from operational database and external data sources
End-user query tool
Used to create queries that access database
End-user presentation tool
Used to organize and present data
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

8. Main Components of a Decision Support System (DSS)
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

9. Transforming Operational Data Into Decision Support Data
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

10. Contrasting Operational and DSS Data Characteristics
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

11. Ten-Year Sales History for a Single Department, in Millions of Dollars
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

12. Yearly Sales Summaries, Two Stores and Two Departments per Store, in Millions of Dollars
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

13. The Data Warehouse
Integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant, nonvolatile database that provides support for decision making
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

14. A Comparison of Data Warehouse and Operational Database Characteristics
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

15. Creating a Data Warehouse
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

16. Online Analytical Processing
Advanced data analysis environment that supports decision making, business modeling, and operations research
OLAP systems share four main characteristics:
Use multidimensional data analysis techniques
Provide advanced database support
Provide easy-to-use end-user interfaces
Support client/server architecture
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

17. Operational vs. Multidimensional View of Sales
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

18. Integration of OLAP with a Spreadsheet Program
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

19. OLAP Client/Server Architecture
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

20. OLAP Server Arrangement
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

21. OLAP Server with Multidimensional Data Store Arrangement
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

22. OLAP Server With Local Mini Data Marts
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

23. Bitmap Representation of REGION Values
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

24. Typical ROLAP Client/Server Architecture
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

25. MOLAP Client/Server Architecture
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

26. Relational vs. Multidimensional OLAP
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

27. Star Schemas
Data modeling technique used to map multidimensional decision support data into a relational database
Creates the near equivalent of a multidimensional database schema from the existing relational database
Yield an easily implemented model for multidimensional data analysis, while still preserving the relational structures on which the operational database is built
Has four components: facts, dimensions, attributes, and attribute hierarchies
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

28. Simple Star Schema
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

29. Possible Attributes for Sales Dimensions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

30. Three-Dimensional View of Sales
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

31. Slice and Dice View of Sales
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

32. Location Attribute Hierarchy
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

33. Attribute Hierarchies In Multidimensional Analysis
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

34. Star Schema for Sales
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

35. Orders Star Schema
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

36. Normalized Dimension tables
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

37. Multiple Fact Tables
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

38. Implementing a Data Warehouse
Numerous constraints:
Available funding
Management’s view of the role played by an IS department and of the extent and depth of the information requirements
Corporate culture
No single formula can describe perfect data warehouse development
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

39. Factors Common to Data Warehousing
Data warehouse is not a static database
Dynamic framework for decision support that is always a work in progress
Data warehouse data cross departmental lines and geographical boundaries
Must satisfy:
Data integration and loading criteria
Data analysis capabilities with acceptable query performance
End-user data analysis needs
Apply database design procedures
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

40. Data Warehouse Implementation Road Map
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

41. Data Mining Tools that: Require minimal end-user intervention
analyze data
uncover problems or opportunities hidden in data relationships,
form computer models based on their findings, and then
use the models to predict business behavior
Require minimal end-user intervention
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

42. Extraction of Knowledge From Data
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

43. Data-Mining Phases
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

44. A Sample of Current Data Warehousing and Data-Mining Vendors
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

45. Summary
Data analysis is used to derive and interpret information from data
Decision support is a methodology designed to extract information from data and to use such information as a basis for decision making
Decision support system is an arrangement of computerized tools used to assist managerial decision making within a business
Data warehouse is an integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant, nonvolatile database that provides support for decision making
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

46. Summary (continued)
Online analytical processing is an advanced data analysis environment that supports decision making, business modeling, and operations research
Star schema is a data-modeling technique used to map multidimensional decision support data into a relational database
The implementation of any company-wide information system is subject to conflicting organizational and behavioral factors
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel

47. Summary (continued)
Data mining automates analysis of operational data with the intention of finding previously unknown data characteristics, relationships, dependencies, and/or trends
Data warehouse is storage location for decision support data
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 6th Edition, Rob & Coronel